International Classification of Functioning Susan M. Havercamp, PhD Associate Professor of Psychiatry & Psychology Director of Health Promotion & Healthcare Parity Program Nisonger Center, UCEDD

Objectives 1.Students will acquire a conceptual framework of disability in the context of human diversity, illness, life span, and the social and cultural environments 2.Student will integrate concepts of patient functioning, environment, and disability

What is Health? World Health Organization World Health Organization (WHO) definition:  Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being…  Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living.  Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.

What is Disability? The term ‘disability’ means, with respect to an individual –  a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of such individual; The ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, State and Local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications. It also applies to the United States Congress.

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Disability, in ICF, is an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations or participation restrictions.  Impairments are problems in body function or structure that affect a person’s ability to engage independently in aspects of day-to-day life.  Activity Limitations are difficulties an individual may have in executing activities.  Participation Restrictions are problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations.  Environmental Factors make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives.

ICF in Contrast

ICF in Summary  Provides a unified language and framework to describe health and health related states.  Recognizes disability as a universal human experience  Every human being can experience a decrement in health and thereby experience some degree of disability.  Shifts the focus from cause to impact.

Prevalence Today, approximately 50 million Americans are living with at least one disability, and most Americans will experience a disability some time during the course of their lives. 15% of children and youth 15% of children and youth (age 0-17) in the US have a special health care need. Fast Fact: Did you know there are over one billion people with disabilities in the world, of whom million experience very significant difficulties. That’s 15% of the world’s population! (World Report on Disability, 2011)

Disability and Aging

Causes of Disability The reality is that just about everyone — women, men and children of all ages, races and ethnicities — will experience a disability some time during his or her life.

The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Improve the Health and Wellness of Persons with Disabilities, 2005  People with disabilities have healthcare needs like everyone else.  People with disabilities need healthcare professionals who really listen to, communicate with, and respect them.  People with disabilities need healthcare professionals who treat all of their health needs. Fast Fact: Among nonelderly people with disabilities, 25% reported they had difficulty finding a health care professional who understood their disability.25% reported they had difficulty finding a health care professional who understood their disability

Health Challenges  People with disabilities share many of the same challenges as those without disabilities when it comes to their own health and well-being.  Lack of preventive care – health care and dental services  Children and youth with special health care needs typically require a broad range of services  For more information about disability and health, click here.more information about disability and health, click here

Health Disparities: National Statistics *IDD = Intellectual and Developmental DisabilitiesLink to citation

Final Thoughts  ICF shifts focus from cause to impact  Disability is an umbrella term that denotes impairments, activity limitations, and restriction in participation  Approximately 20% of Americans have a disability  Patients with disabilities need physicians who communicate well and treat them with respect

Photos courtesy of Florida Office on Disability and Health, National Center for Physical Activity and Disability, Kansas Disability and Health, and Public Access Images Obtained from FODH and other sources.

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