Vectors Chapter 4. Vectors and Scalars What is a vector? –A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude (size, quantity, value, etc.) and direction.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion
Advertisements

10/11 do now 2nd and 3rd period: 3-1 diagram skills
CH. 4 Vector Addition Milbank High School. Sec. 4.1 and 4.2 Objectives –Determine graphically the sum of two of more vectors –Solve problems of relative.
Vectors Vectors and Scalars Vector: Quantity which requires both magnitude (size) and direction to be completely specified –2 m, west; 50 mi/h, 220 o.
Vectors.
Graphical Analytical Component Method
ENGINEERING MECHANICS CHAPTER 2 FORCES & RESULTANTS
Forces in Two Dimension
Vectors and Scalars A SCALAR is ANY quantity in physics that has MAGNITUDE, but NOT a direction associated with it. Magnitude – A numerical value with.
Ch. 3, Kinematics in 2 Dimensions; Vectors. Vectors General discussion. Vector  A quantity with magnitude & direction. Scalar  A quantity with magnitude.
Phys211C1V p1 Vectors Scalars: a physical quantity described by a single number Vector: a physical quantity which has a magnitude (size) and direction.
 The line and arrow used in Ch.3 showing magnitude and direction is known as the Graphical Representation ◦ Used when drawing vector diagrams  When.
Vector Mathematics Physics 1.
Chapter 3 Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion. Vector vs. Scalar A vector quantity has both magnitude (size) and direction A scalar is completely specified.
Physics and Physical Measurement Topic 1.3 Scalars and Vectors.
Vector Addition. What is a Vector A vector is a value that has a magnitude and direction Examples Force Velocity Displacement A scalar is a value that.
Unit 3 Vectors and Motion in Two Dimensions. What is a vector A vector is a graphical representation of a mathematical concept Every vector has 2 specific.
Forces in 2D Chapter Vectors Both magnitude (size) and direction Magnitude always positive Can’t have a negative speed But can have a negative.
Vectors Chapter 3, Sections 1 and 2. Vectors and Scalars Measured quantities can be of two types Scalar quantities: only require magnitude (and proper.
Vector Quantities We will concern ourselves with two measurable quantities: Scalar quantities: physical quantities expressed in terms of a magnitude only.
Adding Vectors Graphically CCHS Physics. Vectors and Scalars Scalar has only magnitude Vector has both magnitude and direction –Arrows are used to represent.
Chapter 3 Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion. Vector Notation When handwritten, use an arrow: When handwritten, use an arrow: When printed, will be in.
Chapter 3 Acceleration and Newton’s Second Law of Motion.
Vector Quantities Vectors have ▫magnitude ▫direction Physical vector quantities ▫displacement ▫velocity ▫acceleration ▫force.
Coordinate Systems 3.2Vector and Scalar quantities 3.3Some Properties of Vectors 3.4Components of vectors and Unit vectors.
Vectors & Scalars.
Types of Coordinate Systems
CHAPTER 5 FORCES IN TWO DIMENSIONS
Chapter 3 Kinematics in Two Dimensions; Vectors. Units of Chapter 3 Vectors and Scalars Addition of Vectors – Graphical Methods Subtraction of Vectors,
Chapter 3 – Two Dimensional Motion and Vectors
Vector Basics. OBJECTIVES CONTENT OBJECTIVE: TSWBAT read and discuss in groups the meanings and differences between Vectors and Scalars LANGUAGE OBJECTIVE:
Vector Addition and Subtraction
Chapter 3 Vectors.
Section 5.1 Section 5.1 Vectors In this section you will: Section ●Evaluate the sum of two or more vectors in two dimensions graphically. ●Determine.
Vectors AdditionGraphical && Subtraction Analytical.
Ch 3 – Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors. Scalars vs. Vectors ► Scalar – a measurement that has a magnitude (value or number) only  Ex: # of students,
Vector components and motion. There are many different variables that are important in physics. These variables are either vectors or scalars. What makes.
Chapter 4 Vector Addition When handwritten, use an arrow: When printed, will be in bold print: A When dealing with just the magnitude of a vector in print,
Chapter 1 – Math Review Example 9. A boat moves 2.0 km east then 4.0 km north, then 3.0 km west, and finally 2.0 km south. Find resultant displacement.
Motion in Two Dimensions. Example What is the displacement of a person who walks 10.0 km (E) and then 5.00 km (N) ? D 1 + D 2 = D R Use a “tip to tail”
Forces in Two Dimensions
Physics VECTORS AND PROJECTILE MOTION
Motion in 2 dimensions Vectors vs. Scalars Scalar- a quantity described by magnitude only. –Given by numbers and units only. –Ex. Distance,
Vectors Chapter 4. Vectors and Scalars  Measured quantities can be of two types  Scalar quantities: only require magnitude (and proper unit) for description.
Vectors in Two Dimensions
Advanced Physics Chapter 3 Kinematics in Two Dimensions; Vectors.
Vectors Physics Book Sections Two Types of Quantities SCALAR Number with Units (MAGNITUDE or size) Quantities such as time, mass, temperature.
Physics and Physical Measurement Topic 1.3 Scalars and Vectors.
Guess now… A small heavy box of emergency supplies is dropped from a moving helicopter at point A as it flies along in a horizontal direction. Which path.
VECTORS. BIG IDEA: Horizontal and vertical motions of an object are independent of one another.
Vectors Vectors or Scalars ?  What is a scalar?  A physical quantity with magnitude ONLY  Examples: time, temperature, mass, distance, speed  What.
 A scalar is a quantity that can be completely specified by its magnitude with appropriate units. A scalar has magnitude but no direction. Examples:
VectorsVectors Imagine that you have a map that leads you to a pirates treasure. This map has instructions such as 10 paces to the northwest of the skull.
Vectors. Reviewing Vectors Vectors are defined as physical quantities that have both magnitude (numerical value associated with its size) and direction.
Chapter 1-Part II Vectors
VECTORS ARE QUANTITIES THAT HAVE MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION
Vectors Chapter 4.
Vectors Unit 4.
Chapter 3 Kinetics in Two or Three Dimensions, Vectors (1 week)
Vector Resolution and Projectile Motion
Introduction to Vectors
1.3 Vectors and Scalars Scalar: shows magnitude
Some Key Concepts Scalars and Vectors Multiplying Scalars with Vectors
Vectors.
Chapter 3 Projectile Motion
VECTORS ARE QUANTITIES THAT HAVE MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION
Vectors.
Vectors.
VECTORS Level 1 Physics.
Introduction to Vectors
Presentation transcript:

Vectors Chapter 4

Vectors and Scalars What is a vector? –A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude (size, quantity, value, etc.) and direction. What is a scalar? –A quantity that has only magnitude.

Vector vs. Scalar Vectors –Displacement (d) –Velocity (v) –Weight / Force (F) – Acceleration (a) Scalars –Distance (d) –Speed (v) –Mass (m) –Time (t) Note: Vectors are normally represented in bold face while scalars are not.

Vector vs. Scalar The resultant will always be less than or equal to the scalar value. 670 m 270 m 770 m 868 m d = 868 m NE What is the total distance traveled? d Total = 1,710 m What is the total displacement?

Each vector is represented by an arrow with a length that is proportional to the magnitude of the vector. –For example, a displacement of 4 meters can be represented by an 8 cm vector using a scale where 1.0m = 2.0cm. Each vector has a direction associated with it. A vector can be moved anywhere in a plane as long as the magnitude and direction are not changed. Properties of Vectors 8 cm 40 o

Properties of Vectors Two vectors are considered equal if they have the same magnitude and direction. If the magnitude and/or direction are different, then the vectors are not considered equal. AB A = B A B A ≠ B

Properties of Vectors (cont.) Two or more vectors can be added together to form a resultant. The resultant is a single vector that replaces the other vectors. The maximum value for a resultant vector occurs when the angle between them is 0°. The minimum value for a resultant vector occurs when the angle between the two vectors is 180°. 4 m 3 m 7 m + = A B + = Resultant A B 3 m 4 m + 1 m = 180 °

Properties of Vectors (cont.) The equilibrant is a vector with the same magnitude but opposite in direction to the resultant vector. Vectors are concurrent when they act on a point simultaneously. A vector multiplied by a scalar will result in a vector with the same direction. F = ma vector scalar P R -R

+ Adding & Subtracting Vectors “TIP-TO-TAIL” 3 m 4 m - 7 m = If the vectors occur in a single dimension, just add or subtract them. When adding vectors, place the tip of the first vector at the tail of the second vector. When subtracting vectors, invert the second one before placing them tip to tail. 4 m 3 m 7 m + =

Adding Vectors using the Pythagorean Theorem 3 m 4 m + = 3 m 4 m 5 m If the vectors occur such that they are perpendicular to one another, the Pythagorean theorem may be used to determine the resultant. A 2 + B 2 = C 2 (4m) 2 + (3m) 2 = (5m) 2 When adding vectors, place the tip of the first vector at the tail of the second vector. Tip to Tail

Law of Cosines If the angle between the two vectors is more or less than 90º, then the Law of Cosines can be used to determine the resultant vector. C 2 = A 2 + B 2 – 2ABCos  C 2 = (7m) 2 + (5m) 2 – 2(7m)(5m)Cos 80º C = 7.9 m 7 m 5 m + =  7 m  = 80º C Tip to Tail

Example 1: P P P P The vector shown to the right represents two forces acting concurrently on an object at point P. Which pair of vectors best represents the resultant vector? P Resultant (a) (d) (c) (b)

How to Solve: P P 1. Add vectors by placing them Tip to Tail. P or 2. Draw the resultant. P Resultant This method is also known as the Parallelogram Method. Note: The resultant is always drawn such that it starts at the tail of the first vector and ends at the tip of the second vector.

Coordinate System – Component Vectors Instead of using a graphical means, a coordinate system can be used to add vectors together In a coordinate system, the vectors that lie along the x and y axes are called component vectors. The process of breaking a vector into its x and y axis components is called vector resolution. To break a vector into its component vectors, all that is needed is the magnitude of the vector and its direction(  ). R RxRx RyRy y x 

y x East North Defining position using coordinates 0 R x = 8.53 km R y = 9.27 km R = 12.6 km  = 47.4 

How to set up your vector Choose a point for the origin. Typically this will be at the tail of the vector. The direction will be defined by the angle that the resultant vector makes with the x-axis. x y (0,0) Origin  R

Determining the x and y Component Vectors Use SOH CAH TOA to find the x and y components. x y RyRy RxRx (0,0) Origin  Since: cos  = adj/hyp = R x /R sin  = opp/hyp = R y /R Then: R x = R cos  R y = R sin  R

y x East North Determining the x and y Component Vectors. 0 R x = 8.53 km R y = 9.27 km R = 12.6 km If you know the resultant vector and the direction, then you can find the x and y components as follows: R x = R cos  R x = (12.6km)(cos 47.4  ) R y = R sin  R y = (12.6km)(sin 47.4  )  = 47.4 

y x East North Determining the Resultant using the Component Vectors 0 R x = 8.53 km R y = 9.27 km R = 12.6 km 

y x East North Determining the Direction using the Component Vectors 0 R x = 8.53 km R y = 9.27 km R = 12.6 km  = 47.4 

Defining the Coordinates Choose a direction for the x and y axes For projectile motion where objects travel through the air, choose the x-axis for the ground or horizontal direction and the y-axis for motion in the vertical direction. For motion along the surface of the Earth, choose the East direction for the positive x-axis and North for the positive y-axis. + x + y East - y - x North South West Upwards Downwards To the Right To the Left

d = 23 km d x = d cos  d x = (23 km)(cos 30°) d x = 19.9 km d y = d sin  d y = (23 km)(sin 30°) d y = 11.5 km Example 2: A bus travels 23 km on a straight road that is 30° North of East. What are the component vectors for its displacement? x d dxdx dydy  = 30° y East North

Algebraic Addition In the event that there is more than one vector, the x-components can be added together, as can the y- components to determine the resultant vector. y x a b c ayay axax cxcx cycy bxbx byby R x = a x + b x + c x R y = a y + b y + c y R =  R x 2 + R y 2 R Does the order matter?

Algebraic Addition (Does the order matter?) Order does not matter. We can add the vectors up as we did originally, or in any other order, and the Resultant will still be the same! y x R a b c

Key Ideas Vector: Magnitude and Direction Scalar: Magnitude only When drawing vectors: –Scale them for magnitude. –Maintain the proper direction. Vectors can be analyzed graphically or by using coordinates.

Subtracting Vectors using the Pythagorean Theorem 4 m 3 m - = 4 m 5 m A 2 + B 2 = C 2 (4m) 2 + (3m) 2 = (5m) 2 When subtracting vectors, invert the second one before adding them tip to tail. A B Tip to Tail