Relative clause

Combine sentences using a relative pronoun Very cold weather closed school for a day. The cold weather came down from Canada. Combined with which: Very cold weather which came down from Canada closed school for a day.

Try it! Jack ran all the way to school. Jack was late this morning. Combined using who: Jack, who was late this morning, ran all the way to school.

Relative clause DEFINING NON-DEFINING

Defining relative clauses these clauses give essential information to define or identify the person or thing we are talking about. 1.The man who you met yesterday was my brother. 2.The film is about a man whose children are kidnapped 3.This is the book which I wanted. 4.The man (who/ whom / that) I saw at the party is Janet's father

Non-defining relative clauses The information in these clauses is not essential. It tells us more about someone or something, but it does not help us to identify them or it. PersonThingPlace Subject WhoWhich Object Who Whom WhichWhere Possessive Whose 1.The farmer, whose name was Fred, sold us some potatoes. 2.She asked Paul, who she worked for, to give her a holiday 3.I went to Port Aventura, which is a famous park Note: THAT cannot be used in this case.

Note: The relative pronoun can be omitted (ø) when it is the object of the clause: ex: The doctor whom/who/that/ø I was hoping to see wasn't on duty. -when usually replaces in/on which (time) - where usually replaces in/at which (place) - why usually replaces for which (reason) -To/on/at/for…(prep) never goes with that -Whose + Noun

Which in connective relative clause WHICH can also stand for a whole sentence: Ex: They asked me to go away, WHICH was very rude They said it was his fault, WHICH wasn't true

Ellipsis of relative pronouns in ACTIVE -->The man who was waiting for you comes from Arizona. -->The man waiting for you comes from Arizona. Ellipsis of relative pronouns in PASSIVE -->The car which is left on the street is broken. -->The car left on the street is broken.

People who buy lottery tickets are often found at bingo. -->People buying lottery tickets are often found…. The teacher punishes anyone who breaks the rules. ( ..anyone breaking the rules.) I live in a building which has forty storeys  (....a building having forty storeys) The house which is painted in red is where John lives.  ( The house painted in red....) People who are invited are expected to be formally dressed for the occasion.  ( People invited are expected to be formally.....)

Practice time

1.This is the place _________ I met my wife. A. what B. where C. which D. that 2.Simon is the man _________ Mary loves. A. who B. which C. whom D. A&C 3.My wife, _________ is a doctor, works at Community Hospital. A. who B. which C. whom D. that 4.Only one of the people _________ work in the company is qualified. A. what B. which C. who D. where 5.She is the one _________ I told you about. A. what B. which C. whose D. who

6.Those _________ had studied hard passed their exams. A. what B. which C. who D. whose 7.The magazine _________ you lent me is interesting. A. what B. which C. whom D. whose 8.The man _________ is resting is very tired. A. what B. which C. whom D. who 9.The boy _________ sat next to you is my friend. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 10.We are using books _________ were printed last year. A. what B. who C. which D. whose

11.The painting________ Ms. Wallace bought was very expensive. A. whom B. whose C. which D. where 12.The homeless people_____story appeared in the paper last week have now found a place to live. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 13.__________ is your favourite sport, swimming or running. A. What B. Which C. Whom D. Whose 14.Were the Wright brothers the ones _________ built the first aeroplane? A. which B. whom C. whose D. that

15.Jan didn`t check she had enough petrol before she left, ________ was careless of her. A. what B. it C. that D. which 16.This is a town ________ many people live. A. in which B. which C. at which D. on which 17.She, ________ is your sister, lives far away. A. which B. who C. whom D. she 18.I see some girls ________ are pretty. A. whom B. which C. who D. they

19. Give back the money ________ you took. A. it B. who C. whom D. which 20.He was killed by a man ________ friends we know. A. whose B. which C. whom D. that 21.He spoke to the messengers with ________ you were leaving. A. which B. whom C. whose D. that 22.We captured a town ________ is in Spain. A. whom B. where C. which D. it 23.The farmers ________ we saw were in the field. A. whose B. which C. they D. whom

16. I am afraid the numbers.….I chose didn’t win the prize. 17. Electronics is a subject about ……….I know very little. 18. Mark, ………car had broken down, was in a very bad mood. 19. Your friend, …… name I can’t remember, made a lot of noise. 20. The river from…………..we get our water-supply is nearly empty.

23.The women ________ I gave the money were glad. A. to whom B. to that C. for whom D. for that 24.I know a boy ________ name is John. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 25.The man ________ you sent to the general has reported the victory. A. whose B. which C. whom D. he 26.I saw those slaves ________ had been led to the city. A. whose B. which C. whom D. who

1. The man…………….paid for the meal was a friend of Tom’s 2. The meeting …………….we had to attend went on for three hours. 3. My office,…………..is on the second floor, is very small. 4. Jane works for the company …………. makes shoes. 5. The woman……………I was sitting next to talked all the time.

11. I thought I recognized the assistant.…… served us. 12. Which is the European country ……… … economy is growing the fastest? 13. John,………speaks French and Italian, works as a tour guide. 14. She told me her address,………I wrote down on a piece of paper. 15. Sarah,……………..you met yesterday, works in advertising.

6. This school is only for children …………… first language is not English. 7. Laura had the wooden box…………she kept her photos in. 8. I don’t know the name of the woman to …………..I spoke on the phone. 9. Towns……………..attract tourists are usually crowded in the summer. 10. The sun,…………..is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light.

1 You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it. 2 She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp. (two ways) 3 I am looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt. (two ways) 4 The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed. 5 Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.

6 There wasn't any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box. 7 This is Mrs Jones. Her son won the championship last year. 8 I was sitting on a chair. It suddenly collapsed. (The chair...) 9 Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come specially to see him. 10 They rowed across the Atlantic. This had never been done before.

11 The man was sitting at the desk. I had come to see this man. 12 His girl friend turned out to be an enemy spy. He trusted her absolutely. 13 She said that the men were thieves. This turned out to be true. 14 This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory. 15 We'll have to get across the frontier. This will be difficult.