The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 Razmik Mirzoyan for the MPP MAGIC group

Eckart obtaining diplom in Polish Embassy , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

Eckart Lorenz: a life devoted to science , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 We are organizing a mini- -symposium devoted to Eckart Lorenz. It will take place in MPI for Physics on 23rd January 2015: conferenceDisplay.py?ovw= True&confId=3202

Trevor Weekes from CfA: VHE ground-based  ray astronomy pioneer passed away in May , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

Daniel Kranich, long-term HEGRA & MAGIC member , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 Daniel Kranich, diploma student, then PhD thesis in HEGRA, in MPP After PhD working on MAGIC, real enthusiast, sharing his experiences with newcomers extended stays in MPP, University of Davies (USA), ETH Zurich passed away in Alps in August

The Two 17m Ø MAGIC Telescopes , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

System of 2 MAGICs: the main parameters Energy threshold (trigger): ~ 50 GeV Current energy threshold in “Sum-Trigger” modus: ~35 GeV Energy resolution: GeV; < 15 1TeV Angular resolution: 100 GeV; 1 TeV Sensitivity: 5/1000 of Crab Nebula in 50h observations Light-weight construction, only ~70 T Fast re-positioning to any coordinates in the sky: ~25s/180° Electro-optical design optimized and set to provide ~2.5ns FWHM pulses Data digitized by using 2GSample/s DRS4 chips Producing ~ 1 TB data per observation night , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

~170 Collaborating Astro-Physicists from 9 Countries BulgariaSofia CroatiaConsortium (Zagreb, +…) FinlandConsortium (Tuorla, +…) Germany DESY Zeuthen, U. Dortmund, MPI Munich, U. Würzburg JapanConsortium (Kyoto, +…) ItalyINFN & U. Padova, INFN Pisa & U. Siena, INFN Como/Milano Bicocca, INFN Udine/Trieste & U. Udine, INAF (Consortium: Rome, +…) PolandLodz SpainU. Barcelona, UAB Barcelona, IEEC- CSIC Barcelona, IFAE Barcelona, IAA Granada, IAC Tenerife, U. Complutense Madrid, CIEMAT Madrid Switzerland ETH Zurich Indiaqueuing to be accepted in , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

The Main Telescopes of the “Roque de los Muchachos” European Northern Observatory , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 ORM is located on the Canary island of La Palma, at a height of m a.s.l.

Images of Extensive Air Showers in Cherenkov Light , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

The IACT principle , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

Gamma-Ray Emission Processes Astrophysical process , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

Fast Rotation of MAGIC to„catch“ GRB , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

MAGIC Progress in 2014 The MAGIC project yieldid a remarkable scientific harvest in Current sensitivity: 50 mCrab in 50h for E  ≥ 400 GeV , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

, Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 Brief summary of the MAGIC publication pipeline in peer-reviewed journals in already published 2 accepted 9 submitted In total: 27 papers 16 AGNs 7 Galactic 1 GRB 1 AstroParticle physics 2 Technical papers

, Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 Current MAGIC projects queuing to become publication in peer-reviewed journals – Paper(s) now circulating through MAGIC collaboration: 1 (AGN) – Under review by MAGIC internal referees: 2 (1 AGN + 1 Gal) – Under review by the MAGIC science groups: 4 (3 AGNs + 1 AP) – Other projects (not drafts, because include just-taken data) under preparation (49) Split by topics Astroparticle group: 2 Galactic group (incl. pulsars): 14 (11 from “old Galactic” from “old Pulsars”) AGN group: 33 (including 4 flares from 2014)

, Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in – 2014: Celebrating the 10 th anniversary of science operation of MAGIC: 100 publications, 5 in SCIENCE Having “50+ pending projects” is not a problem, provided we keep moving projects to drafts and publications as good as we did in And we are confident that we are going to continue in this line David Paneque, Publication Manager of MAGIC

MPP‘s decisive role in MAGIC Strongest and largest group in MAGIC In the structure of the collaboration the MPP group provides Spokesperson (myself) Physics Coordinator (Masahiro Teshima) Publication Manager (David Paneque) Technical Coordinator (Daniel Mazin – until recently) Providing 4 out of 9 positions in Executive Board (responsible for the day-to-day dicisions to run the experiment) Co-convener AGN group (Daniel Mazin: until recently) Convener Astroparticle and Fundamental physics: Pierre Colin , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

The group includes about physicists Director Masahiro Teshima 3 permanent positions: R. Mirzoyan, T. Schweizer, D. Paneque Typically ~ 6 postdocs, 7-8 PhD students, few undergraduates We acknowledge the very strong and cooperative support from the MPP workshops: O. Reimann, T. Hauboled, D. Fink, H. Wetteskind, C. Jablonski, M. Fras, W. Haberer, S. Schmidl, A. Dettlaff, S. Horn, J. Schlammer, …, Providing % of resources in the collaboration , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 MPP´s decisive role in MAGIC

SUM-Trigger Novel design should allow MAGIC lowering the standard threshold from current ~55 GeV down to ~30 GeV This design and its implementation in MAGIC telescopes in La Palma is lead by Thomas Schweizer with strong help of Francesco Dazzi and Jezabel Garcia (all from MPP) Preliminary data taken in spring 2014 showed +70 % higher excess of gamma-rays from Crab pulsar; the estimated threshold is ~ 35 GeV. Currently we are taking steps to lower the threshold to even lower values , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

, Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 Extreme weather in La Palma; similar severe weather happened in January 1994

Repair of MAGIC-I azimuth structure MAGIC-I is operating already for 11 years. The MPP workshop does service work on the telescope twice a year. When necessary, they do also an extra work. A big screw of one of the big tubes in azimuth structure broke on June 18th. The MPP workshop repaired it professionally , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

MAGIC-I all-Al mirror problems , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 Through microscopic holes water can slowly penetrate into honeycomb structure behind the Al-plate When freezing this water (ice) can expand and deform the front surface

MAGIC-I mirror exchange The mirrors on MAGIC-I are 11 years old. On most telescopes mirrors serve at most 3, rare 5 years The al-Al mirror technology suggested by Eckart has long lifetime but some of the mirrors collect water inside and when it freezes in winter, can damages the surface. Substituted 62 Al mirror panels on M-I and 10+3 glass and Al mirrors on M-II by the INAF team in August 2014 Substituted 24 (50x50cm²) Al mirrors on M-I by INAF team. These reduced the M-I weight by ~1.5 tons. This allowed reducing the counterweight by ~150 kg We shall profit in threshold from higher reflectivity , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

Reducing sampling speed of DRS4 readout from 2 Gsample/s to 1.64 Gsample/s After long planned tests we decided to reduce the sampling speed of the DRS4 chips. This allowed us closing small gaps in certain azimuth directions when observing sources under large zenith angle For the time being we see a small instrumental increase of noise of ~5 % but we hope we can identify the reason and corret for it , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

Gravitational Waves & MAGIC & HAWC LIGO - VIRGO – EGO (European Gravitational Observatory) Collaboration opened call for em-gw identification and follow-up observations of event candidates. MoU between MAGIC and LV-collaboration was signed We have signed up an MoU with the HAWC collaboration (HAWC is a wide angle detector of gamma rays, based on dense array of large-size water tanks in Mexico) , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

, Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

The possible scenarios fall into three categories: 1. mini-jet structures within the jets; 2. jet-cloud interactions, where the clouds may originate from stellar winds; and 3. magnetospheric models, similar to those known from pulsar theory. 1‘. Is not possible because required jet power is two orders of magnitude higher than the one estimated from radio 2’. The emission would have to be confined to within an angle of 10 −5 rad to explain the observed variability time scale, requiring a very stable direction of accelerated particle beams , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

3‘. The magnetosphere is anchored to the ergosphere of accreting black hole. As particles accelerate to ultrahigh energies, electromagnetic cascades develop, multiplying the number of charge carriers until their current shortcuts the gap. The excess particles are then swept away with the jet flow, until the gap reappears. Radio galaxies and blazars with very low accretion rates allow us to obtain a glimpse of the jet formation process near super-massive black holes , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 The possible scenarios

Crab pulsar , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 Aliu et al. (MAGIC collab.) Science 322 (2008) 1221 First detection of emission above 25GeV for a pulsar Aliu et al. (VERITAS collab.) Science 334 (2011) First detection of emission above 100GeV Aleksic et al (MAGIC collab.), ApJ, 742 (2011) 43, First spectrum GeV Aleksic et al (MAGIC collab.), A&A, 540 (2012) A69 First spectrum GeV Aleksic et al (MAGIC collab.), A&A, 565, L12 (2014) Detection of Bridge Emission ≥ 50 GeV from the Crab pulsar

Cartoon of a pulsar , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

MAGIC discovery of the bridge emission & very narrow pulses , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 P1: 8σ P2: 14σ Bridge: 7σ Fermi bridge emission becomes strong above few GeV bridge hints on toroidal bending of magnetic lines near LC This result set a quest for precision Crab pulsar theories Nebula component bridge J. Aleksic, et al., arXiv:

Pulsed emission measured for E ≥ 400 GeV , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

Spectral Energy Distribution , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

Submitted to SCIENCE magazine on October 30 th, 2014; everyday waiting for a (positive) answer ! , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

Furthest away sources in VHE: visibility limitation due to absorption on EBL , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

S , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

S In 2012 Fermi observed high state, with many overlapping flares Fermi claimed ± 0.16 days delay for the lensed component On July 13/ Fermi again observed a high state Magic started observing 2 days before the predicted delayed signal and kept on- going till 5th of August , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

, Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

Next highlight result under preparation now S gravitationally lensed the red shift , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

Diffuse emission from the galactic ridge & arc ? , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014 Next possible highlight result under consideration

MAGIC Next Future Never has been any better than now, keep on-going like this ! MAGIC sensitivity curve touches the 0.5 % Crab units The topological trigger may help further increasing sensitivity With the well-tuned Sum-Trigger, we are very competitive, at least for the next ~ 5 years We plan be exploring the very large zenith angle observation technique (  ≥ 70°), trying to have a fresh look into the Pevatrons A model analysis is under development, anticipated to further boost the MAGIC analysis sensitivity Moving towards 0.04 % Crab ! , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014

The CTA prototype 23m Ø LST will be hosted by the MAGIC site; good for the LST but also for MAGIC (x2 improvement in sensitivity may be anticipated from common operation) Political issues on MAGIC-CTA cooperation need to be settled In future we may iterate on – a) higher QE PMTs of % on average; this has the potential lowering the MAGIC threshold by ~ 30 % (~2100 PMTs, ~450.-k€) – b) novel mirror type, having much reduced specular-diffuse component; this has the potential of reducing dramatically the trigger threshold MAGIC Bright Future , Project Review, MPI for Physics, Munich Razmik Mirzoyan: The MAGIC Telescopes in 2014