Position estimation techniques Information & Communication Engineering Graduation School, Chosun Univ. Name : Gyung hwan, oh May, 1, 2015 Graduate Seminar

p. 2 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University Contents 1.History of UWB 2.What is UWB 3.Location Based Service 4.Wireless LBS positioning technology trends 5.RSS(Receive Signal Strength) 6. Angle of arrival (AOA) 7. Time of arrival (TOA) 8. Time difference of arrival (TDOA) 9. Reference

p. 3 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 1. History of UWB  The late 1950s, research and development of the communication using a single driving pulse  1963 United States Sperry Research (Sperry Research), established the basic technology of UWB  1972 US patent applications for UWB pulse detector  The first demonstration of the communication systems using UWB 1978  1998 FCC, start your opinion offer for the consumer use of UWB  FCC 2000 year, allowed the microbes use of UWB in part

p. 4 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 1. History of UWB  UWB using the limit for national defense The reason for power consumption despite its high speed is low UWB use has been limited so far, it was two big. One, UWB is using the reflected wave to transmit data using a very short time pulses, etc. accurate radar implementation, because was intended for the US military purposes. Therefore, the subject of research and development, of course, is limited, such as in the United States of military-related companies and research institutions, research and development of UWB until the mid-1990s, was severely limits the announcement to the outside under the management of the US Department of State. Another reason is because it uses the UWB wide band, because there is a possibility of interference with any narrow band radio communication system such as GPS and mobile phone. FCC this reason, the development of UWB consumer equipment a long period, but has not been allowed, through the preparation process of the opening, which is in charge 14 February 2002, the United States the management of the communication system (Federal Communications Commission) has been approved a partial permit for the development of private equipment.

p. 5 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 2. What is UWB  UWB (Ultra-wideband, UWB) is a wireless communication technology for transmitting large amounts of information at lower power over a very wide bandwidth compared to conventional spectrum.  Frequency: 3.1 ~ 10.6GHz Transfer rate: 480Mbps  Modulation scheme : 1. MB-OFDM (Multi Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 2. DS-UWB (Direct Sequence UWB) - promoted by Motorola camp. Hybrid of Impulse Radio system and the DS spread spectrum system. 3. CSM (Common Signaling Mode) system MB-OFDM system and the DS-UWB system compromise scheme.

p. 6 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 3. Location Based Service  LBS is a mobile communication network based on the location of the person or thing Identify accurately and application systems and services that utilize. It refers to the total gas. LBS wireless positioning technology, as shown below, Divided into Platform Configuration art, all three classes of application services art.

p. 7 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 4. Wireless LBS positioning technology trends  Wireless positioning technology is a physical layer technology for providing a high accuracy of the LBS location information. Seamless wireless positioning techniques related to the ToA Seamless wireless positioning method and to enable the continuous positioning indoors (Time of Arrival), may TDoA (Time Difference of Arrival), AoA (Angle of Arrival ) T he wireless positioning method using triangulation, etc.

p. 8 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 5. RSS(Receive Signal Strength) Fingerprinting is a location estimating method according to the stochastic model The method for estimating the location of a terminal using the information of the noise and the environment. Using the empirical data, estimating the location of a terminal by comparing the received signal strength (Receive signal strength) of the terminal to know the location and position of the objects with known Merit : Environment information to a mobile object with the direction or heading noise provides a high degree of accuracy because it reflects the position estimate. Disadvantages : 1. For the position estimate it should be obtained propagation characteristic value multiple times 2. The complexity of the system increases the disadvantage

p. 9 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 5. RSS(Receive Signal Strength) - Fingerprinting  In the off-line step by using the RSS from a different AP through the search area, and the location of the different collection grid, and stores this information in the Fingerprint DB  Terminal is the RSS of vector values at different points in Fingerprint Measurement, and thus measured in each vector and DB RSS Using the Euclidean distance between the Fingerprint to estimate the location.

p. 10 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 5. RSS(Receive Signal Strength) - Fingerprinting Theoretical limits for distance estimation based on RSS measurements at different for various channel models

p. 11 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 6. Angle of arrival (AoA)  The AoA is a technique for receiving a signal to the two base stations are transmitting the device to estimate the position using the angle difference of the signals. This is arranged by a plurality of antenna direction, to signal, The direction where the signal source is to see the number of the antennas to the receiving antenna Estimate the location of the terminal.

p. 12 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 6. Angle of arrival (AoA)  Three angles α, β, δ and the value of the two selected obtained using a trigonometric function.  Depending on the width of the signal to estimate the exact time of the signals passing through their difficulties.

p. 13 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 6. Angle of arrival (AoA) x-axis = the distance between the mobile station and the fixed station meter y-axis = the position error of the distance meter Each beam width from top to bottom graph 15, 10, 0, and specifically shows the position error of the work time.

p. 14 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 7. Time of arrival (ToA)  TOA technique using a transmission time between the base station and the receiver Seek to triangulation, TOA-based distance measurement is given by the following equation.  ToA is the most common technique uses triangulation, the signal of the terminal It is a technique for obtaining the position information by using a signal arrival time difference between the received one serving base station (or a beacon) and two neighbor base stations. C= speed of light T(0) = Signal reception time T(1) = signal transmission time

p. 15 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 7. Time of arrival (ToA)  Causing the base station, the source according to the signal travel time value, and the method of estimating the source to the location of the intersection point of these terminals  It must match the synchronization of all base stations.

p. 16 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 8. Time difference of arrival (TDOA)  TDOA techniques do not require the time synchronization between the satellite and the receiver, By calculating the intersection of the hyperbola using only the distance difference between the satellite and the receiver Seeking, TDOA-based distance measurements are as follows. c = speed of light p = distance difference between the two BS and the MS t (0) = a terminal receives the signal time t (i) = From the time the signal from the base station i t (j) = From the time the signal from base station j

p. 17 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 8. Time difference of arrival (TDOA)  Implementation is relatively simple, inexpensive and widely used.  While synchronization of the BS and the MS is not required, the synchronization between the base stations is required.

p. 18 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 8. Time difference of arrival (TDOA)  Implementation is relatively simple, inexpensive and widely used.  While synchronization of the BS and the MS is not required, the synchronization between the base stations is required.

p. 19 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University 9. Reference 1. 배정남, 최재혁, 김진영, “Trend and Issue on Location Awareness Based on Ultra Wide Band” 정보 통신 설비 학술대회 논문집 (8.26~28), 412~ 415, 오미경, 김명종, 김재영 “Low Data-Rate Location Awareness UWB Technology for Ubiquitous Home” 전자통신동향분석 제 21 권 5 호 32~39, 최영훈, 배정남 “Study on Positoning Using Ultra WideBand for Location Based Service in IT” 정보 통신 설비 학술대회 논문집 p181~183, 박영진, 이순우, 강지명, 강문경, 김관호 “ 임펄스 UWB 기술 기반 실시간 위치인식 시스템 (RTLS) 응용 기술 ” 한국통신학회지 pp 37~ 배정남, 김진영 “Accuracy Improvement Scheme for Location Awareness based on UWB system “ 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 v.11 no.2, pp 년, 6. 정보통신기술협회,“ LBS 시장과 산업의 동향 및 전망,” 2009 년 5 월. 7. 조영수, 조성윤, 김병두, 이성호, 김재철, 최완식,“ 실내외 연속측위 기술 동향,” 전자통신동향분석, 제 22 권, 제 3 호, 2007 년 6 월.

p. 20 Information Theory and Security Lab. Chosun University Q & A Thank you Thank you