Periodic Table Miss Sauer’s 7 th Grade Science

Do Now: 1. Write down something you know that has a repeating order. 2. Name a group that you belong to & what makes you similar.

Vocabulary Periodic: Have a regular, repeating pattern. Periodic Law: States that the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. Period: Each HORIZONTAL ROW of elements (from left to right) on the Periodic Table. Group: each VERTICAL COLUMN of elements (from top to bottom / up & down) on the Periodic Table.

Horizontal vs. Vertical Horizontal Vertical

Metals Good conductors Ductile – Can be drawn into thin wires Malleable – Meaning they can be flattened Shiny

Non-Metals Poor conductors Not ductile Not malleable Not shiny (Opposite of Metals)

Metalloids Brittle – Breaks easily Shiny

Relationship of Elements in the Same Period: The properties of elements in the same period follow a repeating, or periodic, pattern as you move across each period.

Relationship of Elements in the Same Group: Elements in the same group often have similar chemical and physical properties.

Groups Groups are also called families because elements in the same group often have similar chemical and physical properties.

Group 1 Elements of this group are called: Group contains: Electrons in outer level: Reactivity: Other shared properties: React violently with water. Alkali Metals Metals 1 Very Reactive Soft; Silver-colored; Shiny; Low Density

Group 2 Elements of this group are called: Group contains: Electrons in outer level: Reactivity: Other shared properties: Alkali-Earth Metals Metals 2 Very Reactive, but less reactive than Alkali Metals Silver-colored; More dense than Alkali Metals

Group Elements of this group are called: Group contains: Electrons in outer level: Reactivity: Other shared properties: Transition Metals Metals 1 or 2 Less Reactive than Alkali-Earth Metals Shiny; Good conductors of thermal energy and electric current; Higher densities and melting points (except for Mercury) than elements in Groups 1 & 2.

Group 13 Elements of this group are called: Group contains: Electrons in outer level: Reactivity: Other shared properties: Boron Group 1 Metalloid & 4 Metals 3 Reactive Solid at room temperature

Group 14 Elements of this group are called: Group contains: Electrons in outer level: Reactivity: Other shared properties: Carbon Group 1 Non-Metal, 2 Metalloids, & 2 Metals 4 Varies among the elements Solid at room temperature

Group 15 Elements of this group are called: Group contains: Electrons in outer level: Reactivity: Other shared properties: Nitrogen Group 2 Non-Metals, 2 Metalloids, & 1 Metal 5 Varies among the elements All but Nitrogen are solid at room temperature

Group 16 Elements of this group are called: Group contains: Electrons in outer level: Reactivity: Other shared properties: Oxygen Group 3 Non-Metals, 1 Metalloid, & 1 Metal 6 Reactive All but Oxygen are solid at room temperature

Group 17 Elements of this group are called: Group contains: Electrons in outer level: Reactivity: Other shared properties: Halogen Group Non-Metals 7 Very Reactive Poor conductors of electric current; React violently with Alkali Metals to form salts; Never found uncombined in nature.

Group 18 Elements of this group are called: Group contains: Electrons in outer level: Reactivity: Other shared properties: Elements that are unreactive because the outermost electron level is full. Noble Gases Non-Metals 8 (2 for Helium) Unreactive Colorless, odorless gases at room temperature

HYDROGEN Why does Hydrogen stand apart from the other groups? The properties of Hydrogen do not match the properties of any single group. 1 Reactive Colorless, odorless gas at room temperature; Low density; Reacts explosively with Oxygen Electrons in outer level: Reactivity: Other shared properties: Hydrogen is placed in Group 1 because like the atoms of Group 1 metals, Hydrogen atoms have only one electron in their outer level.

History of the Periodic Table: Dmitri Mendeleev Founded the Periodic Table.

Periodic Table Video on DVD

History of the Periodic Table: Dmitri Mendeleev Mendeleev grouped the elements according to their atomic mass. Mendeleev felt his periodic table was grouped incorrectly because he thought that the masses were wrong, but they were actually right. Some are out of order. See if you can find any masses out of order… Te I U Np

Periodic Table History Henry Mosley changed the order of the periodic table. What did he change? He changed it to the NUMBER OF PROTONS or the ATOMIC NUMBER.

Periodic & Periodic Law Definitions: Periodic – they had a regular, repeating pattern. Periodic Law – states that the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

Periodic Table The Periodic Table is arranged according to the atomic number, which is equal to the number of ________________. Groups or Families go ________ and ___________ on the periodic table. They react similarly. Periods: There are _____ periods and they span __________ the periodic table. protons up down 7across

Periodic Table The majority of the elements are ________. They are located ___________________________ on the periodic table. ____________ are solid at room temperature except Mercury. They are shiny, malleable (bendable, able to be pounded in thin sheets), ductile (roll into a thin wire, turned into wire), solids and are _________ conductors of electricity and thermal energy. metals to the LEFT of the stair step Metals good

Periodic Table Stair Step: The stair step of the table is where the ______________ are. They have properties of both _______________________. They are called semiconductors. The six metalloids are: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te We remember them by the phrase: Because Silly Geese Ask Sbstitute Teachers To the right of the stair step are the ____________. They are dull, brittle, and poor conductors of electricity and heat. metalloids metals & non-metals non-metals

Closure Questions How did Dmitri Mendeleev organize the periodic table? How is the periodic table organized today? What is the difference between a group and a period? Who is Dmitri Mendeleev? Know the names of the groups and their reactivity. Know where to find the metals, non-metals, transition metals, and metalloids on the periodic table.

Valence Electrons An electron of an atom, loc ated in the outermost shell (valence shell)of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another ato m.

T. Trimpe

1.Which elements had complete outer shells? Give the name and symbol for each. ________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____ What do you notice about the location of these elements? 2. Which elements had only one valence electron? Give the name and symbol for each. ________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____ What do you notice about the location of these elements? HeliumHe NeonNeArgonAr The elements are in the same column at the far right side of the table. Hydrogen H Lithium Li Sodium Na The elements are in the same column at the far left side of the table.

3. What do you notice about the number of valence electrons as you move from left to right across a row or period in the periodic table? Na  Mg  Al  Si  P  S  Cl  Ar 4. What do you notice about the number of energy levels or shells as you move down a group or column in the periodic table? H  Li  Na Na – 1 Mg – 2 Al – 3 Si – 4 The number of valence electrons increases by one as you move across each column. H – 1 Li – 2 Na - 3 The number of energy levels increases by one as you move down each row.

5. Write the name of each family at the top of the columns on your periodic table using the following information. Alkali Metals - 1 valence electron Nitrogen Family - 5 valence electrons Alkaline Earth Metals - 2 valence electrons Oxygen Family - 6 valence electrons Boron Family - 3 valence electrons Halides - 7 valence electrons Carbon Family - 4 valence electrons Noble Gases - Complete outermost shell 6. What do you notice about the location of the elements in each family? The elements in each family are in the same columns. Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halides Noble Gases

7. In what family would you classify hydrogen? Explain. Alkali Metals – Hydrogen has only one valence electron so it could be classified with the alkali metals. Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halides Noble Gases

8. In what family would each of these elements be classified? Radium - ________________________Tin - ________________________ Iodine - ________________________Cesium - ________________________ Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halides Noble Gases Alkaline Earth Metals Halide Carbon Family Alkali Metals

10. Predict the number of valence electrons for each element based on its location in the Periodic Table of Elements. You will need to use the table in your textbook. Barium = _____ Lead = _____ Bismuth = _____ Potassium = _____ 2451