Made by Teplyakova Irina 351

… is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses – that of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu – and numerous smaller islands. … is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses – that of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu – and numerous smaller islands..

Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sighted New Zealand in 1642 and called it Staten Landt, supposing it was connected to a landmass of the same name at the southern tip of South America. Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sighted New Zealand in 1642 and called it Staten Landt, supposing it was connected to a landmass of the same name at the southern tip of South America. In 1645 Dutch cartographers rena med the land Nova Zeelandia after the Dutch province of Zeeland. British explorer James Cook subsequently anglicised the name to New Zealand.

English is the predominant language in New Zealand, spoken by 98 percent of the population. New Zealand English is similar to Australian English. The most prominent differences between the New Zealand English dialect and other English dialects are the shifts in the short front vowels. Hence, the New Zealand pronunciation of words such as "bad", "dead", "fish" and "chips" sound like "bed", "did", "fush" and "chups" to non-New Zealanders. After the Second World War, Māori were discouraged from speaking their own language (te reo Māori) in schools and workplaces. In 1987 being declared as one of New Zealand's official languages, and is spoken by 4.1 percent of the population. Samoan is one of the most widely spoken languages in New Zealand (2.3 percent), followed by French, Hindi, Yue and Northern Chinese. New Zealand Sign Language is used by approximately 28,000 people and was declared one of New Zealand's official languages in 2006.

New Zealand was one of the last major landmasses settled by humans. During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life; most notable are the large number of unique bird species. New Zealand was one of the last major landmasses settled by humans. During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life; most notable are the large number of unique bird species. New Zealand was first settled by Eastern Polynesians between 1250 and Over the centuries that followed these settlers developed a distinct culture now known as Māori. The population was divided into iwi(tribes) and hapū (subtribes) who would cooperate, compete and sometimes fight with each other.

Europeans did not revisit New Zealand until 1769 when British explorer James Cook mapped almost the entire coastline. Following Cook, New Zealand was visited by numerous European and North American whaling, sealing and trading ships. They traded food, metal tools, weapons and other goods for timber, food, artifacts and water. The first Europeans known to have reached New Zealand were Dutch explorer Abel Tasman and his crew in 1642.

From the early 19th century, Christian missionaries began to settle New Zealand, eventually converting most of the Māori population. The Māori population declined to around 40 percent of its pre- contact level during the 19th century; introduced diseases were the major factor.

In 1907, at the request of the New Zealand Parliament, King Edward VII proclaimed New Zealand a dominion within the British Empire, reflecting its self- governing status. New Zealand experienced increasing prosperity following World War II and Māori began to leave their traditional rural life and move to the cities in search of work. New Zealand experienced increasing prosperity following World War II and Māori began to leave their traditional rural life and move to the cities in search of work. After World War II, New Zealand joined Australia and the United States in the ANZUS security treaty, although the United States later suspended the treaty as a result of New Zealand's adoption of a nuclear-free policy.

The New Zealand Parliament holds legislative power and consists of the Queen and the House of Representatives. The House of Representatives is democratically elected and a Government is formed from the party or coalition with the majority of seats. Cabinet, formed by ministers and led by the Prime Minister, is the highest policy-making body in government.

L IST OF CITIES IN N EW Z EALAND (J UNE 2010 POPULATION ESTIMATES ) № City Name RegionPop.№ RegionPop. 1Auckland Auckland Region 1,418,0007Dunedin Otago Region 119,100 2Wellington Wellington Region 397,9008 Palmerston North Manawatu- Wanganui Region 83,800 3Christchurch Canterbury Region 379,1009NelsonNelson61,600 4Hamilton Waikato Region 212,00010Rotorua Bay of Plenty Region 56,200 5Napier-Hastings Hawke's Bay region 125,30011 New Plymouth Taranaki Region 53,400 6Tauranga Bay of Plenty Region 123,50012Whangarei Northland Region 52,900

Before the arrival of humans an estimated 80 percent of the land was covered in forest. Massive deforestation occurred after humans arrived. Much of the remaining forest fell after European settlement cleared to make room for pastoral farming, leaving forest occupying only 23 percent of the land. New Zealand's geographic isolation for 80 million years and island biogeography is responsible for the country's unique species of animals, fungi and plants.

The endemic flightless kiwi is a national icon. The forests were dominated by birds, and the lack of mammalian predators led to some like the kiwi. The arrival of humans, associated changes to habitat, and the introduction of rats, ferrets and other mammals led to the extinction of many bird species, including large birds like the moa and Haast's Eagle. the moa Haast's Eagle.the moa Haast's Eagle. Other indigenous animals are represented by reptiles (tuataras, skinks and geckos), frogs, spiders (katipo), insects (weta) and snails. Some, such as the wrens and tuatara, are so unique that they have been called living fossils. Three species of bats (one since extinct) were the only sign of native land mammals in New Zealand until the Marine mammals are abundant, with almost half the world's cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) and large numbers of fur seals reported in New Zealand waters. More penguin species are found in New Zealand than in any other country.

Penguin encounter Asian otters

According to the 2012 Environmental Performance Index, New Zealand is considered a "strong performer" in environmental protection, ranking 14th out of 132 assessed countries. Protected area More than 17,000 protected areas

Size comparison between 4 moa species and a human. 1. Dinornis novaezealandiae 2. Emeus crassus 3. Anomalopteryx didiformis 4. Dinornis robustus

Artist's rendition of a Haast's Eagle attacking moa A model on display at Te Papa of a Haast's Eagle attacking a moa with its large talons Creature Feature: Haast's Eagle.