Addendum to Nuclear Power. Uranium-235 Uraninium Uranium is a fairly common element on Earth, incorporated into the planet during the planet's formation.

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Presentation transcript:

Addendum to Nuclear Power

Uranium-235 Uraninium Uranium is a fairly common element on Earth, incorporated into the planet during the planet's formation. Uranium-238 (U-238) has an extremely long half-life (4.5 billion years), and therefore is still present in fairly large quantities. U-238 makes up 99 percent of the uranium on the planet. U-235 makes up about 0.7 percent of the remaining uranium found naturally. Uraninium-235 Because Uranium-235 is able to undergo induced fission, it useful for both nuclear power production and for nuclear bomb production. –If a free neutron runs into a U-235 nucleus, the nucleus will absorb the neutron without hesitation, become unstable and split immediately. Induced fission

Nuclear Power Nuclear power plants provide about 17 percent of the world's electricity. –In France, about 75 percent of the electricity is generated from nuclear power. –In the United States, nuclear power supplies about 15 percent of the electricity overall, but some states get more power from nuclear plants than others.

Enrichment A sample of uranium must be enriched so that it contains 2 percent to 3 percent or more of uranium-235. –Three-percent enrichment is sufficient for use in a civilian nuclear reactor used for power generation. –Weapons-grade uranium is composed of 90-percent or more U-235.

Nuclear Power Plant Typically, the uranium is formed into pellets with approximately the same diameter as a dime and a length of an inch. The pellets are arranged into long rods, and the rods are collected together into bundles and submerged in water inside a pressure vessel. –In order for the reactor to work, the bundle, has to have the tendency to overheat and melt. –The water acts as a coolant. To prevent the overheating, control rods made of a material that absorbs neutrons are inserted into the bundle using a mechanism that can raise or lower the control rods. –Raising and lowering the control rods allow operators to control the rate of the nuclear reaction.

Reactor & Control Rods

Nuclear Power Plant, cont The uranium bundle in the reactor acts as an extremely high-energy source of heat. It heats the water, creating steam, which drives a steam turbine, spinning a generator to produce power.

Can you answer all of these? Where do you find the coolant? Where do you find the moderator? What does it do? What is it usually made of? What is released from the cooling tower? What is the containment structure made of? What is a half-life? Why is it important? Besides, U-235,which other element is used in nuclear reactors?