Ch 17 – Section 3 Wars in Korea and Vietnam Main Idea: In Asia, the Cold War flared into actual wars supported mainly by the superpowers Why It Matters Now: Vietnam is still Communist today, Korea is split into a Communist North and a non-Communist South

Post-WWII Korea After the war... – North of 38 th Parallel Japanese surrendered to Soviet Forces – South of 38 th Parallel Japanese surrendered to American troops North Korea South Korea

War in Korea Soviets took a gamble – Supplied N. Korea with tanks, planes, and money Use to take over peninsula June 25, 1950 – N. Korean surprise attack on S. Korea – Truman very upset by this

Help For South Korea Truman promised help from Commies S. Korea also asked for United Nations help – Soviets currently boycotting U.N. – 15 nations vow to help Led by U.S.’s Gen. MacArthur

MacArthur Takes Control Surprise invasion of Inchon – N. Korean’s surrender or flee UN forces push all the way to Yalu River (China) – Chinese feel threatened and send in 300,000 troops – Chinese take Seoul MacArthur calls for nuclear attack of China

End of War MacArthur removed by Truman UN troops able to control South Korea by July 1953 Cease-Fire agreement reached with the border set at 38 th parallel (almost same place it had started) – 4 million dead – Demilitarized zone set up Fighting in Seoul S. Korea N. Korea NOMANSNOMANS

War Breaks Out in Vietnam Once controlled by France (Indochina) – Ho Chi Minh led Communist movement French sentenced him to death WWII brought in Japan – Ho founded Vietminh Independence League WWII ended and brought back French

French vs. Nationalists Vietnamese Nationalists and Commies got together to fight French – Major loss for France was Dien Bien Phu French surrender country President Eisenhower saw this as a threat – Domino Theory

Vietnam Divided Peace Conference in Geneva split the country – 17 North Latitude was division North = Communists – Led by Ho Chi Minh South = Anti-Communist – Led by Ngo Dinh Diem (dictator) » Vietcong- Communist guerrillas who hated Diem » Assassinated in 1963

The United States Gets Involved US did not want to lose Vietnam to Commies – So they sent in troops as “advisors” Gulf of Tonkin (1964) – N. Viet. attacked US boats – Congress then gave him authorization to send troops to Vietnam Photo taken from USS Maddox during the incident, showing three North Vietnamese motor torpedo boats.

Issues with the Best Army in the World USA most powerful military... THREE ISSUES 1)Fighting guerrilla war in unfamiliar jungle 2)S. Viet. Govt was becoming hated 3)Vietcong supported by Ho, China and USSR USA starts bombing!

USA Done w/ Vietnam Very unpopular war in US – Protests lead to President Nixon withdrawing troops Vietnamization- USA out... S. Viet. In – Also bombed North Vietnam heavily while doing this Kent State Shooting The self immolation