Congress Creates the Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation - drafted by the Continental Congress in confederation of 13 states - a league or alliance of states that agree to work together
National (Federal) Government -congress of delegates (chosen by state legislatures) -powers to make, implement, and enforce the law
Articles of Confederation (1777) - alliance of independent states - national legislature (Congress) - power to declare war - trade agreements between states - no executive or judicial - no power to tax - no power to enforce laws made *most power remained with states *ratified in 1781 (by all 13 states)
Shay’s Rebellion
Northwest Territory -land north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania to the Mississippi River.
Land Ordinance of a system for distributing public lands in the Northwest territory
Northwest Ordinance of provided a government for western territory -governor, secretary, three judges -5,000 men – establish an elected assembly -60,000 men – request admission to the Union as a state and adopt a republican constitution *Territory later formed mid-western states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and part of Minnesota *states would enter union as free states rather than slave states
Drafting the Constitution
Agree - need national government (regulate commerce and power to tax) - guard against abuse of power (separation of power) - limit government powers (state and national) Disagree - number of representatives for each state - power of national government
Constitutional Convention (May 25 th 1787) - PA State House (Philadelphia) - presiding officer- George Washington
Alexander Hamilton - praised the British constitution - advocated a strong national government – with elements of aristocracy, monarchy, and republicanism. James Madison - favored republicanism over British model - a large republic with diverse interests would best preserve the common good
Madison’s Plan - James Madison (Virginia) - strong national government - with separation of powers - Legislature – House of Representative - people elect directly - seats based on population Senate - House would choose - seats based on population *What powers did Madison’s Plan give the President?
Virginia - state’s population - Problem: larger states would out-vote them New Jersey - William Paterson (N.J.) - one-house legislature - each state have equal number of voters - executive committee rather than President *remain a loose confederation *What was the problem with this plan?
The Great Compromise - Roger Sherman (Connecticut) - Bicameral Legislature - House of Representatives: elected based on population - Senate: each state would have two senators (regardless of population)
What three forms did the Constitution take in assuring constituents that slavery would remain?
September 17 th delegates signed the Constitution To go into effect, the Constitution had to be ratified, or approved, by at least nine state conventions.