Transplanting Crop Establishment Prerequisite to this module is knowledge on: methods of crop establishment, methods in seedling preparation, preparation of seeds for sowing and transplanting. Module 1: Understanding the PalayCheck System

Seedling preparation for transplanting wetbed drybed modified dapog Seedling preparation for transplanting mat nursery

Let’s play first! wetbed drybed dapog modified dapog Soaking time (hr) Age of seedlings Seedbed area (m2/ha) Incubation time (hr) Seeding rate (kg/ha) wetbed drybed dapog Pass around the guessing game sheets and ask the participants to fill in the table with the numbers found below the table. Give them a few mins to answer and then rotate the answer sheets among the participants before proceeding with the lesson. modified dapog

Seedling preparation for transplanting wetbed drybed modified dapog Click the circle to proceed to the specific topic. Seedling preparation for transplanting mat nursery

Wetbed preparation prepare a 400 m2 seedbed area for every 40 kg seeds to transplant in a 1 ha field start seedbed preparation 2 weeks before planting time in a raised seedbed. Incorporate on the upper layer 10- 15 bags of organic materials or 3-4 bags organic fertilizer before leveling two days before sowing, pre-germinate seeds by soaking it in clean water for 24 hrs and incubating for another 24 hrs

Wetbed preparation sow the pre-germinated seeds evenly on a raised seedbed keep the soil saturated within 5-7 days after sowing. Water the seedbed 2-3 DAS and then maintain a water level of 1-2 cm, depending on the height of the seedlings transplant the seedlings 20- 25 DAS

Wetbed preparation apply 5-10 g 14-14-14 or 16-20-0/m2 if nutrient deficiency symptoms are observed transplant 20-25 day old seedlings 2-3 cm deep. Use hill spacing of 20 x 20 cm. Use 1-2 seedlings/hill for F1 cultivation/seed production or 2-3 seedlings/hill for commercial production replant within 7 DAT

Drybed preparation two weeks before planting time, prepare a 400 m2 seedbed area for every 40 kg seeds to transplant in a 1 ha field. prime the seeds. Prepare the required quantity of clean seeds, soak them for 24 hrs and then allow to dry in the shade. Primed seeds are reported to germinate faster than fresh dry seeds.

Drybed preparation water the seedbed periodically as seedlings emerge and grow. Regulate the water supply, if necessary, to control the rate of seedling growth transplant the seedlings 25-30 DAS

Dapog preparation select a level area near the household and/or a water source prepare a 400 m2 seedbed area for every 40 kg seeds to transplant in a 1 ha field 2 weeks before planting time two days before sowing, pre-germinate seeds by soaking it for 24 hrs and incubating for another 24 hrs

Dapog preparation sow the germinated seeds in raised seedbed lined with plastic sheet or banana leaves since seeds are not in contact with the soil, seedbed must be watered regularly transplant seedlings 9-12 days after sowing. Dapog seedlings are not pulled, instead they are rolled like mat.

1 Modified dapog preparation prepare the following: 10-12 kg of hybrid or 12- 15 kg of inbred seeds per hectare 5-6 sacks of rice straw which must be free from other seeds to prevent any off-types 5-6 sacks of rice hull 26-28 sheets of plastic nets with 1.5m x0.75m size

2 3 Modified dapog preparation soak seeds in clean water for 12-24 hours. Change soaking water every 5-6 hours to avoid contamination incubate seeds at 30 0C for 24-36 hours or until the root emerges. 3

4 Modified dapog preparation prepare the seedbed: prepare an area of about 25 m length for hybrid and 30 m length for inbred and 1 m width as seedbed elevate the seedbed about 2-3 inches height and make a canal on both sides to facilitate drainage in case of excess water

5 6 Modified dapog preparation Scatter evenly the rice hull on the bed about 2-3 cm thick. This step is necessary for the right amount of aeration and to prevent the roots from contact with the soil. Place the double plastic net on top of rice hull. This will later facilitate convenience during transplanting. 6

7 8 9 Modified dapog preparation Sow the pre-germinated seeds on the top of plastic net. Cover the seeds with rice straw about 2-3 cm thick to avoid direct heat during sprouting. Irrigate the bed up to the plastic net and manually sprinkle with water twice a day. It should be done 4 days after sowing to maintain sufficient moisture. 8 9

10 11 Modified dapog preparation After 5 days, remove the rice straw to facilitate uniform height growth and receipt of enough sunlight Apply ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-12S) fertilizer with 10;1 kg seed: fertilizer. Immediately sprinkle with water to avoid seedling burn. 11

12 13 Modified dapog preparation After 5 days, irrigate the seedbed about 2-3 cm water depth. It should be done from 5 days up to 9 days after sowing. After 10-12 days, the seedlings are ready to transplant. Carefully separate the two plastic nets, to remove some rice hull and soils attached to the roots. 13

14 15 16 Modified dapog preparation Transport the plastic net with seedlings at the planting area. Carefully detached the seedlings in plastic net and directly distribute in the field by placing in wetbed bundle-like. Transplant 1-2 seedlings per hill with 20cm x 20cm planting distance. Replant within 7 days. 15 16

Modified dapog Advantages smaller seedbed area seedlings are ready for transplanting in a shorter period seedlings recover faster after transplanting less expensive Disadvantages needs intensive water management more difficult to transplant seedlings are less competitive against weeds more susceptible to golden kuhol

Mat nursery

In summary: wetbed 40 400 24 24-36 20-25 drybed 40 400 24 24-36 25-30 Seeding rate (kg/ha) Seedbed area (m2/ha) Soaking time Incubation time Age of seedlings wetbed 40 400 24 24-36 20-25 drybed 40 400 24 24-36 25-30 dapog 40 60-75 24 36-48 9-12 modified dapog 20-25 100 24 36-48 15-20

Pulling and transplanting seedlings REMINDERS Pull out seedlings a day before or immediately before transplanting. Pull seedlings gently to prevent root injury. Bundle the seedlings in convenient sizes for easy handling during transplanting.

Pulling and transplanting seedlings REMINDERS 4. Plant seedlings as indicated by the guides or marker. Hold seedlings between the thumb and the fore and middle fingers and insert gently into the soil. 5. After planting a row, move backwards to the next row and resume planting. 6. Replant missing hills within 5-7 days after transplanting.

Let’s see who got it right! Age of seedlings (days) Soaking time (hr) Age of seedlings (days) Seedbed area (m2/ha) Incubation time (hr) Seeding rate (kg/ha) wetbed 24 20-25 400 24-36 40 drybed 24 25-30 400 24-36 40 dapog 24 9-12 60-75 36-48 40 Pass around the guessing game sheets and ask the participants to fill in the table with the numbers found below the table. Give them a few mins to answer and then rotate the answer sheets among the participants before proceeding with the lesson. modified dapog 24 15-20 100 36-48 20-25

CREDITS Instructional presentation designer: Ms. Ev Parac Sources of technical content/reviewers of presentation: Mrs. Thelma Padolina; Dr. Gerald Ravelo; Ms. Emily Arocena; Ms. Susan Brena; Mr. Manny Alejar and Mr. Alvaro Pamplona, IRRI; Ms. Eleanor Ayos and Ms. Joventina Elep, BPI Note: Adapted from powerpoint presentations developed by: Mr. Salvador Yabes; Dr. Manuel Jose Regalado; Engr. Eugenio C. Castro, IRRI You may use, remix, tweak, For more information, visit: & build upon this presentation non-commercially. However, always use with acknowledgment. Unless otherwise stated, the names listed are PhilRice staffers. Produced in 2011 Text: 0920-911-1398