The Jazz Age or Roaring 20s Society in the 1920s Mass Media in the Jazz Age Cultural Conflicts

THE RED SCARE OF In 1917 the Russian Revolution removed the czar from power. The Bolsheviks won power and formed a new nation: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The Bolsheviks established a socialist government based on communism- a sociopolitical philosophy which advocates workers rising up to assume power and owning all property collectively.

The Red Scare- the fear of communism that swept the nation following the Bolsheviks rise to power in the Soviet Union.

Palmer Raids After bomb scares, Wilson’s Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, got $500K from Congress to "tear out the radical seeds that have entangled American ideas in their poisonous theories.“ After bomb scares, Wilson’s Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, got $500K from Congress to "tear out the radical seeds that have entangled American ideas in their poisonous theories.“ Raids on various radical organizations to round up suspects to deport or imprison during the Red Scare. Raids on various radical organizations to round up suspects to deport or imprison during the Red Scare. Nov. 1919, 249 "radicals" deported to Russia after nationwide dragnets; mostly anarchists Nov. 1919, 249 "radicals" deported to Russia after nationwide dragnets; mostly anarchists Jan. 2, 1920, 5,000 suspected communists arrested in 33 cities during Jan. 2, 1920, 5,000 suspected communists arrested in 33 cities during

The Jazz Age The 1920s were a time of rapid social change in which many people – particularly women – adopted new lifestyles and attitudes. The 1920s were a time of rapid social change in which many people – particularly women – adopted new lifestyles and attitudes.

The Flapper A young, dramatic, stylish, and unconventional woman in the 1920s. A young, dramatic, stylish, and unconventional woman in the 1920s. Wore shorter dresses than their mothers. (9-inch hemline for mom) Wore shorter dresses than their mothers. (9-inch hemline for mom) Short hair and hats to show off short hair Short hair and hats to show off short hair Bobbed hair Bobbed hair Wore make up Wore make up Drank and smoked in public Drank and smoked in public

The Flapper Not many women were full flappers. Not many women were full flappers. But changes were happening. But changes were happening. Parents didn ’ t like it! Parents didn ’ t like it!

Women working in the 1920s 15% of women were professionals 15% of women were professionals 20% had clerical jobs 20% had clerical jobs By % of the workforce was women. By % of the workforce was women.

Women working in the 1920s BUT BUT Business was prejudiced against women. Business was prejudiced against women. Seldom trained women for jobs beyond entry level Seldom trained women for jobs beyond entry level Did not pay same wage as men. Did not pay same wage as men. Married or pregnant often meant you were fired. Married or pregnant often meant you were fired.

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) “Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction.” It was first introduced to Congress in It was first introduced to Congress in Made all forms of discrimination based on sex illegal. Made all forms of discrimination based on sex illegal. Never passed in Congress. Never passed in Congress.

Glenwood Stove and Washing Machine

Henry Ford Detroit emerged as the automobile capital of the world Detroit emerged as the automobile capital of the world Ford realized workers were also consumers Ford realized workers were also consumers Ford’s use of the assembly line made him about $25,000 a day throughout the 1920s Ford’s use of the assembly line made him about $25,000 a day throughout the 1920s Model-T Model-T

The Automobile Industry Auto makers stimulate sales through model changes, advertising Auto makers stimulate sales through model changes, advertising Auto industry fostered the growth of other businesses Auto industry fostered the growth of other businesses Autos encourage movement and more individual freedom. Autos encourage movement and more individual freedom.

Americans on the move 1920: First time in American history that there were more people living in cities than on farms. 1920: First time in American history that there were more people living in cities than on farms.

Americans on the Move 1920s: Farming was not profitable. 1920s: Farming was not profitable. 6 million farmers or their children left the farms for the cities. 6 million farmers or their children left the farms for the cities.

Rural v. Urban Rural Americans didn ’ t like the flappers and thought the cities were dangerous places. Rural Americans didn ’ t like the flappers and thought the cities were dangerous places. Wanted to preserve their “ traditional ” life. Wanted to preserve their “ traditional ” life.

 Rural Americans identify urban culture with Communism, crime, immorality  Sex becomes an all-consuming topic of interest in popular entertainment  Communities of home, church, and school are absent in the cities  Conflict: Traditional values vs new ideas found in the cities.  Rural Americans identify urban culture with Communism, crime, immorality  Sex becomes an all-consuming topic of interest in popular entertainment  Communities of home, church, and school are absent in the cities  Conflict: Traditional values vs new ideas found in the cities.

The Airplane Dec. 17, 1903, Wright Bros. (Orville and Wilbur) flew a gasoline- powered plane 12 seconds and 120 feet at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina Dec. 17, 1903, Wright Bros. (Orville and Wilbur) flew a gasoline- powered plane 12 seconds and 120 feet at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina By the 1930s and 1940s, travel by air on regularly scheduled airlines was markedly safer than on many overcrowded highways. By the 1930s and 1940s, travel by air on regularly scheduled airlines was markedly safer than on many overcrowded highways. 1927, Charles Lindbergh flew the first solo flight across the Atlantic 1927, Charles Lindbergh flew the first solo flight across the Atlantic Impact of the airplane Impact of the airplane

African Americans in the North Jim Crow laws in the South limited life for African Americans. Jim Crow laws in the South limited life for African Americans. Lack of education Lack of education Lack of housing Lack of housing Lack of jobs Lack of jobs Lynching Lynching

Cartoon from 1919: “Put them out and keep them out”

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants and anarchists were convicted of murder despite most evidence was uncertain and executed.Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants and anarchists were convicted of murder despite most evidence was uncertain and executed. The trial lasted Convicted on circumstantial evidence, many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist- people oppose all forms of government, and pro-union activities.The trial lasted Convicted on circumstantial evidence, many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist- people oppose all forms of government, and pro-union activities. In this time period, nativism was high as well.In this time period, nativism was high as well. Liberals and radicals rallied around the two men, but they would be executed.Liberals and radicals rallied around the two men, but they would be executed.

“undesirable”The U.S. Government began to restrict certain “undesirable” immigrants from entering the U.S. Emergency Quota Act of 1921Immigration Act of 1924Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and Immigration Act of 1924 Kept out immigrants from southeastern Europe.

Emergency Quota Act of Emergency Quota Act of newcomers from Europe were restricted at any year to a quota, which was set at 3% of the people of their nationality who lived in the U.S. in Immigration Act of Immigration Act of the quota was pushed down to 2% and the origins base was shifted to that of 1890, when few southeastern Europeans lived in America.

Other Migrations Immigrants from Mexico to fill low pay jobs. Immigrants from Mexico to fill low pay jobs. Most worked farms in California and ranches in Texas. Most worked farms in California and ranches in Texas. migrants to cities developed BARRIOS – Spanish speaking neighborhoods. migrants to cities developed BARRIOS – Spanish speaking neighborhoods. LA: Mexican barrio LA: Mexican barrio NYC: Puerto Rican barrio NYC: Puerto Rican barrio

American Heroes Charles Lindbergh Charles Lindbergh Lucky Lindy Lucky Lindy May 20, 1927: First man to fly non-stop New York to Paris. May 20, 1927: First man to fly non-stop New York to Paris. 33 ½ hours 33 ½ hours THE SPIRIT OF ST. LOUIS – plane THE SPIRIT OF ST. LOUIS – plane Won $25,000 Won $25,000

Charles Lindbergh Learned to fly in Lincoln, NE! Learned to fly in Lincoln, NE! Was even more respected for his modesty about his fame. Was even more respected for his modesty about his fame.

Charles Lindbergh Made other flights surveying and advising airlines. Made other flights surveying and advising airlines. Tragedy in his life. Tragedy in his life. Kidnapping and murder of his firstborn son. Kidnapping and murder of his firstborn son. Seen as being pro- Hitler when WWII began. Seen as being pro- Hitler when WWII began.

Amelia Earhart 1928 – first woman to cross the Atlantic in a plane – first woman to cross the Atlantic in a plane – first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic – first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. First to fly from Hawaii to California. First to fly from Hawaii to California.

Amelia Earhart 1937 – was on a journey to be the first to circumnavigate the world in a plane – was on a journey to be the first to circumnavigate the world in a plane. Disappeared over the Pacific. Disappeared over the Pacific. Mystery Mystery

SPORTS HEROES OF THE 1920s Radio, newsreels, and more sports reporting made sports BIG business. Radio, newsreels, and more sports reporting made sports BIG business. Jack Dempsey 1921 – world heavyweight champion boxer. Jack Dempsey 1921 – world heavyweight champion boxer.

Sports Heroes of the 1920s Jim Thorpe Jim Thorpe Won gold medals in the Olympics in the decathlon and the pentathlon. Won gold medals in the Olympics in the decathlon and the pentathlon. Played professional baseball Played professional baseball Played professional football Played professional football First president of the NFL First president of the NFL

The Sultan of Swat George Herman “ Babe ” Ruth George Herman “ Babe ” Ruth Between playing for the Yanks and the Sox – 714 homeruns. Between playing for the Yanks and the Sox – 714 homeruns. Unbroken record for 40 years. Unbroken record for 40 years.

Mass Media in the Jazz Age UNTIL 1920s the US had been a collection of regional cultures. UNTIL 1920s the US had been a collection of regional cultures. Accents differed Accents differed Customs differed Customs differed Entertainment differed Entertainment differed

Movies 1910 – 5,000 theaters in the country – 5,000 theaters in the country – 22,500 theaters 1930 – 22,500 theaters 1929 – 125 million Americans – 125 million Americans. 80 million movie tickets were sold every week. 80 million movie tickets were sold every week.

Movies Until 1927 movies were silent. Until 1927 movies were silent. The first sound film or “talkie” was The Jazz Singer – 1927 The first sound film or “talkie” was The Jazz Singer – 1927 Al Jolson Al Jolson Going to the “ talkies ” was a popular pastime. Going to the “ talkies ” was a popular pastime.

Stars of the 1920s Charlie Chaplin Charlie Chaplin The Tramp movies The Tramp movies

Stars of the 1920s Harold Lloyd Harold Lloyd Physical comedian Physical comedian

Newspapers and Magazines Golden Age of newspapers. Golden Age of newspapers. EVERY town had a newspaper. EVERY town had a newspaper. The rise of newspaper chains. The rise of newspaper chains. Some owners had monopolies on the news in their states. Some owners had monopolies on the news in their states.

New Fashion & Hairstyles “Flappers” Photos from a Fashion Magazine (1920’s)

Newspapers Tabloids – more on entertainment, fashion, sports and sensational stories. Tabloids – more on entertainment, fashion, sports and sensational stories. The New York DAILY MIRROR The New York DAILY MIRROR “ 90% entertainment, 10% information – and the information without boring you. ” “ 90% entertainment, 10% information – and the information without boring you. ”

Radio Guillermo Marconi, an Italian, invented wireless telegraphy in the 1890s Guillermo Marconi, an Italian, invented wireless telegraphy in the 1890s First voice-carrying radio came in Nov when KDKA in Pittsburgh carried the news of the Harding landslide First voice-carrying radio came in Nov when KDKA in Pittsburgh carried the news of the Harding landslide Impact of the radio Impact of the radio

Radio sets, parts and accessories brought in $60 million in 1922…Radio sets, parts and accessories brought in $60 million in 1922… $136 million in 1923 $136 million in 1923 $852 million in 1929$852 million in 1929 Radio reached into every third home in its first decade.Radio reached into every third home in its first decade. Listening audience was 50,000,000 by 1925 (VERY IMP. FOR GREAT DEPRESSION & WWII)Listening audience was 50,000,000 by 1925 (VERY IMP. FOR GREAT DEPRESSION & WWII)

Radio By radio stations across the country. By radio stations across the country. National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) offered radio stations programming. National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) offered radio stations programming.

Beginning of the Jazz Age in New York City Acceptance of African American culture African American literature and music

The Jazz Age The radio audience and the African American migration to the cities made jazz popular. The radio audience and the African American migration to the cities made jazz popular. Improvisation of music Improvisation of music Syncopation – offbeat rhythm. Syncopation – offbeat rhythm.

Heroes of Jazz Louis Armstrong (1901 – 1974) Louis Armstrong (1901 – 1974) “ Satchmo ” and “ The Gift ” “ Satchmo ” and “ The Gift ” New Orleans to Chicago to the world. New Orleans to Chicago to the world. Trumpet and singing “ scat ” Trumpet and singing “ scat ”

Jazz Heroes “ Duke ” Ellington “ Duke ” Ellington 17 years old – played jazz in clubs in Washington DC at night and painted signs in the day. 17 years old – played jazz in clubs in Washington DC at night and painted signs in the day. Wrote thousands of songs and had his own band. Wrote thousands of songs and had his own band.

Jazz Clubs and Dance Halls To hear the “ real ” jazz – NYC and the neighborhood of Harlem. To hear the “ real ” jazz – NYC and the neighborhood of Harlem. 500 jazz clubs 500 jazz clubs Cotton Club the most famous Cotton Club the most famous

Jazz Clubs Artie Shaw – First to use black musicians for white audiences. Artie Shaw – First to use black musicians for white audiences. Benny Goodman – First to take jazz to white America. Benny Goodman – First to take jazz to white America. SWING SWING First racial mixed band. First racial mixed band.

Jazz Influences on Art Artists were showing the rougher side of life. Artists were showing the rougher side of life. Edward Hopper Edward Hopper

Literature in the 1920s: The Lost Generation The name attached to a group of writers during the ’20s who felt “lost” in a society of greed and moral corruption. The name attached to a group of writers during the ’20s who felt “lost” in a society of greed and moral corruption. Many writers, artists, and musicians went to Europe and most ended up in Paris Many writers, artists, and musicians went to Europe and most ended up in Paris Cheap living Cheap living Racial tolerance Racial tolerance Intellectual tolerance Intellectual tolerance

The Lost Generation F. Scott Fitzgerald F. Scott Fitzgerald Wife Zelda Wife Zelda THE GREAT GATSBY THE GREAT GATSBY THE SUN ALSO RISES THE SUN ALSO RISES Showed the people of the jazz age – including their self- centered and shallow ways. Showed the people of the jazz age – including their self- centered and shallow ways.

Cultural Conflicts in the 1920s PROHIBITION PROHIBITION The 18 th Amendment to the Constitution The 18 th Amendment to the Constitution Made manufacturing of alcohol illegal. Made manufacturing of alcohol illegal. Most people chose to ignore it. Most people chose to ignore it.

Goals of Prohibition Eliminate drunkenness Eliminate drunkenness Causing abuse of family Causing abuse of family Get rid of saloons Get rid of saloons Prostitution, gambling dens Prostitution, gambling dens Prevent absenteeism and on-the-job accidents stemming from drunkenness Prevent absenteeism and on-the-job accidents stemming from drunkenness

"Noble Experiment"This "Noble Experiment" was a failure. Midnight, January 16th, 1920, US went dry. 18th Amendment or Prohibition Volstead Act,The 18th Amendment or Prohibition, known as the Volstead Act, prohibited the manufacture, sale and possession of alcohol in America. Prohibition lasted for thirteen years. bootlegging, speakeasies and Bathtub Gin.So was born the industry of bootlegging, speakeasies and Bathtub Gin.

drankPeople drank more than ever during Prohibition, and there were more deaths related to alcohol. flagrantlydecent law-abidingNo other law in America has been violated so flagrantly by so many "decent law-abiding" people. criminalsOvernight, many became criminals. Mobsters controlled liquor created a booming black market economy. Gangsters owned speakeasies and by 1925 there were over 100,000 speakeasies in New York City alone.

Detroit police inspecting equipment found in a hidden underground brewery during the prohibition era. Agent with the U.S. Treasury Department's Prohibition Bureau during a time when bootlegging was rampant throughout the nation. Chicago gangster during Prohibition who controlled the “bootlegging” industry. Al Capone Elliot Ness, part of the Untouchables

Bootlegging Those that would manufacture, sell and transport liquor, beer, and wine illegally. Those that would manufacture, sell and transport liquor, beer, and wine illegally.

Speakeasies speakeasies- secret bars speakeasies- secret bars To get into a speakeasy – you needed a password or be recognized by a guard. To get into a speakeasy – you needed a password or be recognized by a guard. Sometimes hidden behind legit businesses. Sometimes hidden behind legit businesses.

Speakeasies Before Prohibition the whole state of Massachusetts had 1,000 saloons. Before Prohibition the whole state of Massachusetts had 1,000 saloons. AFTER Prohibition Boston alone had 4,000 speakeasies and 15,000 bootleggers. AFTER Prohibition Boston alone had 4,000 speakeasies and 15,000 bootleggers.

Organized Crime Early in Prohibition – there was competition between gangs to supply liquor to speakeasies. Early in Prohibition – there was competition between gangs to supply liquor to speakeasies. A result of Prohibition, organized crime grew as gangsters came to dominate bootlegging and the running of speakeasies. A result of Prohibition, organized crime grew as gangsters came to dominate bootlegging and the running of speakeasies.

Organized Crime Territories expanded and gang warfare erupted over turf and control of the liquor. Territories expanded and gang warfare erupted over turf and control of the liquor. Tommy Guns Tommy Guns Sawed off shotguns Sawed off shotguns Murder on the streets Murder on the streets

Organized Crime Expanded into other crimes Expanded into other crimes Gambling Gambling Prostitution Prostitution Murder Incorporated Murder Incorporated

Organized Crime Racketeering Racketeering Bribe police and other government officials to ignore what they are doing. Bribe police and other government officials to ignore what they are doing. Gangsters forced businesses to pay a fee for “ protection ” Gangsters forced businesses to pay a fee for “ protection ” If you didn ’ t pay … If you didn ’ t pay …

Organized Crime 157 bombs in 1928 Chicago! 157 bombs in 1928 Chicago!

Al Capone The most famous and brutal gangsters were in Chicago. The most famous and brutal gangsters were in Chicago. Racketeering was EVERYWHERE Racketeering was EVERYWHERE Chicago and his suburb of Cicero Chicago and his suburb of Cicero

Al Capone 200 murders are directly tied to Capone. 200 murders are directly tied to Capone. St. Valentine ’ s Day Massacre was also his work. St. Valentine ’ s Day Massacre was also his work. With Prohibition, he made $100,000,000. With Prohibition, he made $100,000,000.

Al Capone For all his murders and assaults, he was eventually imprisoned for not paying taxes. For all his murders and assaults, he was eventually imprisoned for not paying taxes. Ended up at Alcatraz Prison. Ended up at Alcatraz Prison. Released early and died of syphilis Released early and died of syphilis

Fundamentalism Fundamentalism- the belief that the Bible was was literally true and without error. Fundamentalism- the belief that the Bible was was literally true and without error.

Fundamentalism Gained tremendous attention in the 1920s. Gained tremendous attention in the 1920s. Billy Sunday Billy Sunday Aimee Semple McPherson “ Sister Aimee ” Aimee Semple McPherson “ Sister Aimee ” William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan

1925 The first conflict between religion vs. science being taught in school was in 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee.

John T. Scopes Respected high school biology teacher arrested in Dayton, Tennessee for teaching Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. Clarence Darrow Famous trial lawyer who represented Scopes William J. Bryan Sec. of State for President Wilson, ran for president three times, turned evangelical leader. Represented the prosecution. Dayton, Tennessee Small town in the south became protective against the encroachment of modern times and secular teachings.

Evolution and the Scopes Monkey Trial Fundamentalists in Tennessee passed a law saying that evolutionary theory could not be taught in schools. Fundamentalists in Tennessee passed a law saying that evolutionary theory could not be taught in schools. 1925, high school biology teacher, John Scopes taught his students about Charles Darwin. 1925, high school biology teacher, John Scopes taught his students about Charles Darwin. Was arrested that day. Was arrested that day.

The Scopes Monkey Trial Drama between two of the best lawyers in the nation Drama between two of the best lawyers in the nation Clarence Darrow Clarence Darrow William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan Mass media allowed 2 million people to listen to the trial. Mass media allowed 2 million people to listen to the trial.

The Scopes Monkey Trial Dramatic moment and never done since. Dramatic moment and never done since. Darrow put Bryan on the stand to testify as an expert on the Bible. Darrow put Bryan on the stand to testify as an expert on the Bible. Showed flaws in some of his logic Showed flaws in some of his logic

The Scopes Monkey Trial Darrow lost the case but won the point with the public. Darrow lost the case but won the point with the public. Darrow a defender of science and reason Darrow a defender of science and reason Bryan was a martyr for the cause Bryan was a martyr for the cause Died days after the trial ended. Died days after the trial ended.

Harlem Renaissance The name applied to an intellectual movement among African Americans in art, literature and music. The name applied to an intellectual movement among African Americans in art, literature and music. 1914: 50,000 African Americans in Harlem. 1914: 50,000 African Americans in Harlem. 1930: 200, : 200,000 Nora Neale Hurston Nora Neale Hurston THEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD. THEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD.

Harlem Renaissance: Langston Hughes Poet, short story writer, journalist and playwright. Poet, short story writer, journalist and playwright. Joys and difficulties of being human, American and being black. Joys and difficulties of being human, American and being black. See page 465 for a sample of his work. See page 465 for a sample of his work.

Causes What events and movements do you think may have helped lead to the Renaissance? Great Migration: the movement of hundreds of thousands of African Americans from rural areas in the South to urban areas in both he North. What push factors led to the migration? What pull factors led to the migration?

Causes Growing African American Middle Class: developed as a result of improved educational and employment opportunities for African Americans. The Harlem section of New York became the center of this new African American class.

Causes Political Agenda For Civil Rights by African Americans: leaders such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey and the NAACP helped to inspire racial pride in the middle and working class. Marcus Garvey pushed for the Back to Africa movement Du Bois, author of The Souls of Black Folks, was instrumental in the foundation of the NAACP.

The Marcus Garvey Movement Banks and business investment for just African Americans. Banks and business investment for just African Americans. Urged a return to “ Motherland Africa ” to create a new country. Urged a return to “ Motherland Africa ” to create a new country. Started “ Black Pride ” from prison and after he was deported to Jamaica. Started “ Black Pride ” from prison and after he was deported to Jamaica.

W.E.B. Dubois Didn ’ t think the answer was separation of the races. Didn ’ t think the answer was separation of the races. Also didn ’ t approve of Garvey ’ s business practices. Also didn ’ t approve of Garvey ’ s business practices.

Impact The Harlem section of New York City was transformed from a deteriorating area into a thriving middle class community. BeforeAfter

Racial Tensions: Violence Against African Americans 1919: Red Summer 1919: Red Summer Race riots between white and black in Omaha, Tulsa, Washington DC and Chicago. Race riots between white and black in Omaha, Tulsa, Washington DC and Chicago.

1919 Race Riot of Omaha

IKA Imperial Klans of America

Rise of the KKK was due to the ever changing of a traditional America.  1925: Membership of 5 million  1926: Marched on Washington.  Attack on urban culture and defends Christian/Protestant and rural values  Against immigrants from Southern Europe, European Jews, Catholics and American Blacks  Sought to win U.S. by persuasion and gaining control in local/state government.  Violence, internal corruption result in Klan’s virtual disappearance by 1930 but will reappear in the 1950s and 1960s.

Racial Tensions Many in the North joined the Ku Klux Klan. Many in the North joined the Ku Klux Klan. Lynchings happened in the North. Lynchings happened in the North.

Fighting Discrimination NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) Worked to end lynching. Worked to end lynching. No national laws – but did get a number of states to comply. No national laws – but did get a number of states to comply – 10 lynchings in the country 1929 – 10 lynchings in the country

Fighting Discrimination NAACP: NAACP: Worked to get better voting rights for African Americans Worked to get better voting rights for African Americans NOT much success NOT much success

The Garvey Movement Some African Americans frustrated by violence and discrimination dreamed of a new homeland. Some African Americans frustrated by violence and discrimination dreamed of a new homeland.

The 1920 Election

Wilson’s idealism and Treaty of Versailles led many Americans to vote for the Republican, Warren Harding… US turned inward and feared anything that was European… Wilson’s idealism and Treaty of Versailles led many Americans to vote for the Republican, Warren Harding… US turned inward and feared anything that was European…

The Ohio Gang: President Warren Harding (front row, third from right), Vice-President Calvin Coolidge (front row, second from right), and members of the cabinet. The 1920 Election

Harding and Coolidge Republican presidents appeal to traditional American values Harding dies in office after 2 years. Scandals break after his death Teapot Dome Scandal Calvin Coolidge becomes President after Harding’s death in Republican presidents appeal to traditional American values Harding dies in office after 2 years. Scandals break after his death Teapot Dome Scandal Calvin Coolidge becomes President after Harding’s death in  Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall leased naval reserve oil land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills, California, to oilmen Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny  Fall had received a bribe of $100,000 from Doheny and about three times that amount from Sinclair.  Fall found guilty of taking a bribe.

Republican Policies Return to "normalcy" tariffs raised corporate, income taxes cut spending cuts Government-business cooperation “The business of government, is business” Return to “isolation” Return to "normalcy" tariffs raised corporate, income taxes cut spending cuts Government-business cooperation “The business of government, is business” Return to “isolation”

The 1924 Election  Calvin Coolidge served as President from 1923 to  “Silent Cal”.  Republican president  Calvin Coolidge served as President from 1923 to  “Silent Cal”.  Republican president

++ = $$ LAISSEZ FAIRE REPUBLICAN ECONOMY SUPPORTED LAISSEZ FAIRE AND BIG BUSINESS………. Lower Taxes Less Federal Higher Strong Spending Tariffs National Economy Fordney-McCumber Tariff Hawley-Smoot Tariff raised the tariff to an unbelievable 60%!!!

Teapot Dome Juggernaut. This 1924 cartoon shows the dimensions of the Teapot Dome scandal. tm 1. This falls under the standard that states, “ Discuss the policies of Presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. ” 2. This document is a good source of the 1920 ’ s and the above standard because it “ shows the dimensions of the Teapot Dome scandal. ” 3. This falls under the big idea that social changes have political effects because when the Teapot Dome Scandal took place the president at that time, Warren Harding, had selected his companion Albert B. Fall who leased government oil reserves to other company ’ s for payments. 4. This resource fulfills our purposes for choosing it because it focuses on the horror and political consequences of the Teapot Dome scandal.