ASER Pakistan A citizen led initiative Punjab Launch

ASER 2012 Supporters & Partners

ASER PAKISTAN Citizen led large scale national household survey (3-16) Quality of education in rural and some urban areas (5-16) Seeks to provide evidence on learning and access gaps Influence National & Provincial policy and actions for RTE. Provides information for tracking trends and MDG/EFA Targets up to 2015 Influence Goal Setting for Post-2015 Agenda

ASER Pakistan Assessment Tools Grade II ASER Assessment tools are prepared in following Categories Reading  Urdu  Sindhi  Pashto Arithmetic abilities English

ASER Survey Sheets

Section I: Scale of Survey

ASER Outreach over the last 3 years 2010 – 32 districts 2011 – 85 districts 2012 – 142 districts

ASER 2012 – SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION Children (3-16 Years)Schools Province Districts Covered Villages/ Blocks House Hold FemaleMaleTotalMothersGov.Pvt.Total Rural Punjab361,07421,47825,70933,23458,94320,9081, ,756 National (Rural)1364,03380,209101,236143,241244,47781,4173,9341,6605,594 Urban Punjab ,0711, National (Urban)61932,3122,9304,0376,9672, National (Rural + Urban) 1424,22682,521104,166147,278251,44483,7464,1171,8275,944 Punjab (Rural + Urban) 38 1,13422,19626,60934,30560,91421,6241, ,866

Section II: Access (Schooling)

Pre-School Enrollment (3-5 Years) – Rural  Enrollment of children of 3 – 5 years 51% in 2012  Enrollment highest in Urban 55% compared to Rural 51% % Children who attend different types of pre-schools Age group Govt. Non-state providers Out-of- school Total Pvt. Madra sah Others Total By type % of pre-primary age children are enrolled in government schools.

Children in Pre School (3-5) Rural Sialkot and Bhakhar has the highest number of out-of-school children

Enrollment (6-16 years) – Rural  84% of 6-16 year olds in rural districts are enrolled in schools  67% enrollment in Govt. schools  33% Rural children enrolled in private/ non-state sector  16% of children are out-of-school  Enrollment highest in Urban 92% compared to Rural 84% % Children in different types of schools % Out-of- school Total Age groupGovt. Non-state providers Never enrolled Drop- out Pvt.MadrasahOthers Total By type out of every Children is Out-of-School Never Enrolled still higher than dropout rate The proportion of out-of-school children in Punjab remains the same as compared to the last year.

Out-of-School children (6-16) Rural Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur has the highest number of out-of- school children

District Rank – out-of-School (6-16) Enrollment % DistrictsGovt. Non-state providers Out- of- School Rank* Pvt. Madrasa h Other s Rawalpindi Jehlum Narowal Gujrat Gujranwala Sialkot Chakwal Attock Khushab Mandi Bahuddin Hafizabad Nankana Sahib Sheikhupura Okara Sargodha Lahore Khanewal Jhang Enrollment % DistrictsGovt. Non-state providers Out-of- School Ran k Pvt.MadrasahOthers Faisalabad Toba Tek Singh Kasur Mianwali Layyah Multan Vehari Sahiwal Bahawalnager Lodhran Chiniot Bahawalpur Muzaffar Garh Pakpattan Bhakhar Dera Ghazi Khan Rajanpur Rahim Yar Khan URBAN Lahore Urban Multan Urban Rahim Yar Khan has the highest number of out-of-school children

Gender : Out-of-School Children (6-16 years)  Almost equal proportion of boys and girls are out-of-school in Rural.  In Urban (Lahore & Multan) more boys are out-of-school. UrbanRural Higher percentage of boys than girls are out-of-school in urban Punjab.

Class Wise Enrollment - Rural  Enrollment decreases sharply as class level increases. UrbanRural

Section III: Quality

Learning Levels – Urdu 7% Language Learning levels for class 4 have improved by 7% since 2011 Rural : 33% of Class 5 students cannot read Class 2 story Urban: 26% of Class 5 students cannot read Class 2 story Learning Levels (Class 5): Urdu Learning Levels (Urdu) have improved as compared to 2011.

Learning Levels - English 12% Language Learning levels for class 4 have improved by 12% since 2011 Rural : of Class 5 students cannot Rural : 39% of Class 5 students cannot read English sentences Urban : of Class 5 students cannot Urban : 26% of Class 5 students cannot read English sentences Learning Levels (Class 5): English Learning Levels (English) have improved as compared to 2011.

Learning Levels - Arithmetic 10% Language Learning levels for class 4 & 5 have improved by 10% since 2011 Rural : of Class 5 students cannot Rural : 44% of Class 5 students cannot do division Urban : of Class 5 students cannot Urban : 37% of Class 5 students cannot do division Learning Levels (Class 5): Arithmetic Learning Levels (Arithmetic) have improved as compared to 2011.

Learning levels – Boys vs Girls (5-16 Years)  Girls continue to lag behind boys in learning levels Girls are behind boys by 4% in Urdu, English & Arithmetic Rural Learning levels of boys continue to be higher than girls.

Learning levels – Public vs. Private (Rural)  Learning Levels are better in Private schools overall  35% children in government and 29% children in private schools in class 5 cannot read class 2 Urdu story.  41% of the children in Government schools and 32% of children in private schools cannot read English sentences. Private school students are performing better than government school students.

Additional learning support – Paid Tuition  Children in urban areas are more likely to take paid tuition Urban Rural 17% Government and 34% Private school children take paid tuition in rural areas Paid private tuition trend is higher in private schools.

Learning levels – Out of School (Rural)  Even out of school children were tested 35% 35% of out-of-school children can recognize numbers from 1-9. A modest proportion of out-of-school children are at more than ‘beginner’ competency levels.

Section IV: School Attendance & Facilities

Attendance - Students and Teachers  Rural: 14% children in government school and 14 % in Private schools were absent from school (More children present in Government School then Private School)  Rural: Overall children attendance is better in Government schools  Rural: 12% and 13% teachers in private and government schools respectively were found to be absent Children Attendance (%) on the day of visit Government schoolsPrivate schools PrimaryElementaryHighOthersOverallPrimaryElementaryHighOthersOverall Children attendance Teacher attendance  Urban: only 7% teachers in private and government schools were found to be absent Children attendance is better in government schools in rural Punjab.

Multi-grade Classes - Rural Around 36% government school children of class 2 sit with other classes as compared to 34% in Private Schools. 30% grade 8 students in Private schools and 14% grade 8 students in government schools sit with other classes.

Basic Facilities – Improved but not Sufficient 13% of government primary schools do not have functional toilet facilities 8% 8% primary government schools still do not have useable water 19% 19% primary government schools still do not have boundary walls Private schools outperform government schools in terms of basic facilities.

Section V: Other dimensions that influence teaching and learning

Mother tongue/ Home Language ASER 2012 survey findings revealed that 19 different languages were used in the surveyed households of Punjab. Three languages used commonly were Punjabi (65%), Siraiki (21%) and Urdu (9%) Other (5%) Other Lanuages included : Sindhi, Balochi, Potwari, Pashto, English, Pahari, Rachnavi, Rangri, Myuti, Mewati, Muhajri, Hindko, Marathi, Marwari, Darkhan, Persian

Households’ preferred medium of instruction in school Each household surveyed was also asked their preferred medium of instruction for their children in schools. 56% percent of all the households surveyed preferred Urdu as the medium of instruction in schools. Home language was preferred by a major proportion of 13% of all households and 31% surveyed households preferred English. The most preferred language for medium of instruction was Urdu.

Medium of instruction in schools Children in public schools reported: Urdu 50%, English 50%, Children in private schools reported: English 65%, Urdu 35%,

Parental Education Urban Rural  Rural: 67% mothers vs. 44% fathers did not complete primary education.  Urban: 36% mothers vs. 24% fathers did not complete primary education Higher proportion of parents have not completed even primary education in rural Punjab as compared to urban Punjab.

Section VI: How far have we come on RTE compliance?

How can ASER 2012 inform the planning, drafting, resourcing and implementation of 25-A?  ASER can help assess education with respect to :  Quality  Access  Equity  Planning according to district based assessment – generating District Report Cards (DRCs) linked to the Roadmap to Reforms and/or Sector Plans of the Provincial Governments.  Holding ASER Baithaks in ASER survey villages, parents, communities with parliamentarians and political holding ALL to account for ACTION!  Use of ASER data and teams for focusing on gender & the excluded groups  Forming District RTE Vigilante Committees mobilizing coalitions, teachers, youth, media and bar associations.

Action to RTE 25 A Implementation Milestone achievement: “The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2012” - challenge is tracking implementation ASER data to help in drafting of RTE Acts & using ASER data for continued advocacy on Right to Education (RTE) 25 A Each province has district by district data for addressing gaps in access, quality, equity/gender and financing Continued Dialogues with Parliamentarians and Politicians in 2013 for elections, manifestoes and actionable steps that can be tracked Linking the ASER information to national data and GMR /UN Human Development Reports /others in the run up to 2015 & post 2015 debates

Thank You ASER-Pakistan ASERPAKISTAN You can follow us on