PERENNIAL PEANUT FIELD DAY SPONSORED BY: –LOWNDES COUNTY YOUNG FARMERS –RON SMOAK, ADVISOR Provided by Dr. James Corbett, Agriculture Teacher, Lowndes.

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Presentation transcript:

PERENNIAL PEANUT FIELD DAY SPONSORED BY: –LOWNDES COUNTY YOUNG FARMERS –RON SMOAK, ADVISOR Provided by Dr. James Corbett, Agriculture Teacher, Lowndes Co. High School GA Ag Ed Curriculum Office To accompany Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum July 2002

WHAT IS A PERENNIAL PEANUT? A PRIMITIVE PEANUT THAT PRODUCES VERY FEW SEEDS. A WARM SEASON/TROPICAL PERENNIAL LEGUME FROM SOUTH AFRICA.

PERENNIAL PEANUT FIELD

ALSO KNOWN AS “FLORIDA’S ALFALFA” IT IS SIMILAR IN QUALITY TO ALFALFA. –CRUDE PROTEIN RANGES FROM 13%- 18% –DIGESTIBILITY IS QUITE SIMILAR TO ALFALFA

FIELD IN FULL BLOOM

ADVANTAGES OF PERENNIAL PEANUTS LONG-LIVING/ DOES NOT REQUIRE REPLANTING NO ADDITIONAL NITROGEN NEEDED NO MAJOR INSECT, DISEASE, OR NEMATODE PESTS HIGH TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT

HOW DO I GET STARTED PLANTING PERENNIAL PEANUTS? Locate a source of well-managed rhizomes Complete land preparation during the winter months Plant during January, February, and March

PLANTING SITE REQUIREMENTS Geographic- grow best from South Georgia to North Florida (neither above 31º to 32º latitude nor farther than 80 miles from a coast) Climatic- grow best in full sun; long, hot, & humid days Soil- grow best in well-drained soil and deep sands Fertilization- must soil test for phosphorus and potassium

PLANTING SITE REQUIREMENTS (CONT.) Site History- try to avoid post-plant weed problems in field Land Preparation- must bottom plow followed by disk-harrow in order to smooth land

FIRST SUMMER AFTER PLANTING

PLANTING MATERIAL Cultivars- Florigraze & Arbrook –Florigraze- adapted to well drained-soils –Arbrook- drought hardy; does well on excessively drained sandy soils Source- propagated vegetatively using rhizomes (modified underground stems)

RHIZOME HARVESTING Remove from soil mechanically with a sprig harvester Plant as individual rhizome pieces Rhizomes should be 1/8 inch plus in diameter and a minimum of 9 inches in length Rhizomes should be planted as soon as possible after digging

RHIZOME FIELD

PLANTING Time of Planting- during winter months of January, February, and March (peanut is in a quiescent or inactive growing state) Planting Rate- 80 bushels of rhizomes/acre Planting Methods- Bermuda sprig planters commonly used; broadcast by hand; disk harrow to depth of 1 1/2 - 2 inches

COST CONSIDERATIONS Establishment (varies from as little as $200 up to $500/acre) Number of acres to be planted Rhizome source Labor Equipment

POST-PLANT MANAGEMENT Sand Blast Prevention- includes planting rye in strips every 10 feet over field Irrigation- should be considered if it is available. Weed Control- must be done during first and second growing season; includes chemical applications and mowing

CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION

WEED CONTROL

MORE WEED CONTROL

LATE CONTROL OF WEEDS

WEED CONTROL AFTER PLANTING

HARVESTING Best way to harvest is with a square baler; store bales in a dry, dark barn Keep horse-quality hay from rain and other elements after harvest Wet hay can be rolled into larger bales for cattle hay

ENCLOSED HAY BARN

FIELD READY TO HARVEST

HARVESTING THE CROP

ACCUMULATOR BEHIND THE SQUARE BALER

BALE LOADER

MARKETING Majority of the hay is used in the horse industry bales sell for approximately $5/bale

WHY NOT TRY PERENNIAL PEANUTS ON YOUR FARM?