Managing tourism to ensure sustainability is about balancing socio-economic and environmental needs. This requires detailed planning and management.

 Social  Economic  Environmental  Political

 S – westernisation of cultures, migration to the area (individuals and business moving in – rising house/land prices), friction locals and tourists.  E - cost of imported resources, variability in demand (seasonal trade).  E - eco systems, resource usage, carbon footprint.  P – dependency on tourism – vulnerability of economy.

Sustainability To keep in existence; maintain Capable of being sustained Of, relating to, or being a method of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged Sustainable Tourism Tourism envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled with maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity, and life support systems Ecotourism Tourism to exotic or threatened ecosystems to observe wildlife or to help preserve nature Ecotourism means tourism to natural areas which contributes to: 1. Conserving the natural environment 2. Improving the well being of local people 3. Developing the national economy

When sustainable development is mentioned remember the sustainability stool and how it is all about interconnecting social, economic and environmental elements.

Sustainable Tourism Sustainable tourism should, in theory, cause no resource loss or decline in the quality of the environment. Sustainable tourism must rely on careful management and planning. Tourism often has a strong impact on local economies and communities, and these too should be managed sustainably. Sustainable tourism will respect and maintain the traditions, culture and values of local communities. Sustainable tourism also extends to ideas of equality – that all groups (local, ethnic, disadvantaged etc) should benefit.

DESTINATION FOOTPRINT: the environmental impact caused by an individual tourist on holiday in a particular destination. PRESERVATION: maintaining a location exactly as it is and not allowing development. CONSERVATION: allows for developments that do not damage the character of a destination.

 Fly less and stay longer  Carbon offset flights – carbon neutral  Consider slow travel – train or bus or car  Use locally owned accommodation  Protected areas – national parks and marine parks (Jamaica)  Concentrate tourism into hubs (Corfu or Costa Del Sol) to prevent all places developing and spoiling  Quota number of tourists – e.g. National Parks in New Zealand  Plan new resorts to make them environmentally friendly and reduce need for water resource usage and environmental damage (Mauritius)  Tourist taxes to go to community/environmental projects (Jamaica)  Government of the tourist destination put more planning controls on big developments e.g. golf courses.

Protected Areas Slow Travel Tourist Hubs Quotas

Costa Rica lodge in a private reserveExploration & Nature Tour in Costa Rica Broome Retreat, Snowdonia National ParkHot Tub Safari, North Wales

Impacts of Tourism in North Wales SOCIALECONOMICENVIRONMENTAL Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages

 With reference to one or more located examples, examine how the growth of tourism creates problems for people. (9 marks) * Plan your answer carefully and then you should spend about 20 minutes answering this question.

Conflict with visitors, clash of cultures. Planning and resource problems e.g. water Land use conflicts. Environmental damage linked to how this affects people. Economic problems, seasonality etc. Level 3: Uses a well chosen example(s) to explain in detail, how the growth of tourism creates problems for people. Links are explicitly explained. Well structured response with good use of geographical terminology. (8-9 marks). Level 2: Clearly identified example(s) with some clear explanation of how the growth of tourism can create problems for people. Some links stated. Response has some structure and use of geographical terminology. (5-7 marks). Level 1: Limited use of example(s). Basic generic ideas which offer simple description of how tourism can create problems for people. Poorly structured response with no use of geographical terminology. (0-4 marks). If no located example(s) then top of Level 1 max.

Number of International tourist arrivals in Ecuador International tourist receipts in Ecuador – note the dip around 2009.

 Using one or more located examples, examine how ecotourism operates in conjunction with the environment. (9 marks) You have 20 minutes to answer the question!