1. Japanese aggression and US strategy  Turning point battles  Coral Sea  Midway  Leyete Gulf  Iwo Jima and Okinawa  Potsdam Conference---July 1945.

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1. Japanese aggression and US strategy  Turning point battles  Coral Sea  Midway  Leyete Gulf  Iwo Jima and Okinawa  Potsdam Conference---July 1945  Atomic bomb  Hiroshima and Nagasaki---Aug  Japan surrenders---Sept  WWII ends in Asia  VJ-Day---Victory in Japan

Arguments for use Japanese refused to surrender. Estimated an invasion similar to D-Day was needed to end war. Estimated Japan’s empire would last 2 years. Estimated Allied casualties at 1 million or more men with huge Japanese losses. Japanese leadership was told of the destructive power of the bomb Offered a period to surrender but declined. Arguments opposed Atomic bombs were untested and their destruction unknown Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not major military targets. Those killed in the attacks would be Japanese civilians. Radiation poisoning would have negative effects on the population. Nuclear weapons would set a precedent that using weapons of mass destruction was allowable in war

Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese people the destructive power the bomb and to evacuate the cities.

Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese people the bomb and the translation in English In the next few days the military installations in some or all of the cities named on the photograph will destroyed by American bombs. These cities contain military installations and workshops or factories which produce military goods. The American Air Force, which does not wish to injure innocent people, now gives you warning to evacuate the cities named and save your lives. America is not fighting the Japanese people But is fighting the military clique (govt. leaders) which has enslaved the Japanese people. The peace which America will bring will free the people from the oppression of the military clique and mean the emergence of a new and better Japan. You can restore peace by demanding new and good leaders who will end the war. We cannot promise that only these cities will be among those attacked, but some or all will be, so heed this warning and evacuate these cities immediately.

map/japan

A joint Allied Project consisting of Canadian, British and U.S. scientists to build an atomic bomb. Started in 1940….. By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built. 1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT One would be set off in New Mexico successfully. A joint Allied Project consisting of Canadian, British and U.S. scientists to build an atomic bomb. Started in 1940….. By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built. 1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT One would be set off in New Mexico successfully.

map/japan

Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945  70,000 killed immediately  48,000 buildings. destroyed.  100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

My fellow Americans, the British, Chinese and United States governments have given the Japanese people adequate warning of what is in store for them. The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. If Japan does not surrender, bombs will have to be dropped on her war industries and unfortunately thousands of civilian lives will be lost.The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. If Japan does not surrender, bombs will have to be dropped on her war industries and unfortunately thousands of civilian lives will be lost. I urge Japanese civilians to leave industrial cities immediately and save themselves. President Harry Truman

Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

The Beginning of the Atomic Age

map/japan

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945  40,000 killed immediately  60,000 injured.  100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

dictators  After the Nagasaki bombing, Emperor Horhito surrendered to the Allies to end WWII in Japan.  “The time has come to bear the unbearable”.  Japan surrenders on Aug 14,  Official surrender ceremonies were held on Sept. 2, 1945 aboard the USS Missouri near Tokyo Bay. Emperor Horhito

Jap surrender Japan surrenders on Aug. 14, 1945……Official surrender ceremonies were held on Sept. 2, 1945

V-J Day response by Americans in New York City