Europeans Compete in North America Mrs. Straka

 In the 1500s, Europe was in the middle of a huge cultural change ---the Renaissance  Changes were called for in the Catholic Church  A new movement, The Protestant Reformation begins.  The cultural changes in Europe are going to fuel other problems that lead to struggles in the Americas Cultural Changes

 By 1530 many European states had split with the Roman Catholic Church to form Protestant churches.  English Protestants found support in King Henry VIII.  He was married to Catherine of Aragon (Isabella and Ferdinand’s daughter). Catherine of Aragon did not produce a male heir and so he was seeking to divorce her…. Catholic law does not permit divorce.  Therefore he was in favor of Protestant ways. Religious Conflicts

 Catherine of Aragon  (m. 1509; annulled 1533) - Princess Mary  Anne Boleyn- Princess Elizabeth  (m. 1533–36; executed)  Jane Seymour- Prince Edward  (m. 1536–37; her death)  Anne of Cleves- No child  (m. 6 Jan–9 Jul 1540; annulled)  Catherine Howard- No child  (m. 1540–41; executed)  Catherine Parr- No Child  (m. 1543–47; his death) - Henry Henry’s Family Tree

 Religious tensions inflamed rivalries between countries. This uncertainty among changing alliances made everyone concerned for their security.  Ex. Some countries were even unwilling to depend on one another for trading.  This is partially why the Spanish monarchs supported Columbus’s search for the water way to Asia.  Everyone was searching for gold to improve their armies. Economic Conflicts

 England’s King, Henry VIII died in  He was succeeded by his son Edward who died shortly after taking the throne.  He was succeeded by Mary I…who wanted to bring back the Roman Catholic Church..but she died too.  Elizabeth I then took the throne. She was a protestant.  Her rule renewed the rivalry with Roman Catholic Spain.  King Phillip II of Spain wanted to make England a Catholic Nation again.  Relations were also strained by English raids on Spanish Ships at sea. Spanish Armada

 Many of the ships raided were carrying gold from the Americas.  The Spanish also resented English assistance to rebels trying to win independence from the Spanish providence of Holland.  In 1588, Phillip assembled a fleet of 130 warships known as the Spanish Armada.  He wanted to force Elizabeth from the throne.  His plan failed. Armada

 A fleet of English ships met the Spanish off the coast of France. The smaller faster English ships sank many of the Spanish Ships.  Barely half of the Armada returned to Spain.  This defeat of the Armada changed the balance of power in Europe.  Spain was weakend..so was its control of the seas  This enabled countries like England and France to found colonies in America. Armada

 An Italian Explorer, John Cabot was interested in finding Asia after Columbus returned home from his first voyage.  Cabot thought a more northern route to Asia would be shorter and easier.  Spain and Portugal were not interested in funding this… but England was.  He ended up in what is present day Canada.  People starting figuring out this wasn’t Asia. Asia…Again.

 By the 1600s, England, France and the Netherlands had sponsored explorations of North America.  The French began to settle in colonies in the 1600s.  He established a colony which he called Quebec.  He then ventured east and explored a large lake near present day Vermont and New York.  New France, as the colony was called, developed differently than New Spain. France in North America

 The Spanish had sought gold, silver and other minerals.  The French were profiting from fish and furs.  The Spanish forced Native Americans into harsh labor  The French traded with native Americans for the animal skins they highly valued in Europe.  They set up trading posts  Many of the French married Indian women and started families. New France

 Eventually the French started to farm in large numbers.  By 1672, New France has about 5000 Colonists. New France

 Native Americans gave the French fur pelts  The Europeans gave the Native Americans manufactured goods (cloth, iron pots, tools and guns)  Unfortunately, the fur trade had a grave effect on the Native Americans.  When alliances formed between tribes and Europeans. It left tribes unhappy which caused fighting.  Even worse European contact caused disease.  Food chain was weakened by the over trapping of animals.  This left land that the native Americans had more useful to Europeans. Impact on Native Americans