Single Replacement Reaction. Synthesis / Decomposition Synthesis: A + X  AX Decomposition: AX  A + X.

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Presentation transcript:

Single Replacement Reaction

Synthesis / Decomposition Synthesis: A + X  AX Decomposition: AX  A + X

Single Replacement Reaction Definition: one element replaces a second element in a compound X + ZA  XA + Z

A FIGHT WILL BREAK OUT The single element will fight with the 1 st element in the compound (stronger one wins!!)

Reactivity Scale Name Symbol LithiumLi PotassiumK BariumBa CalciumCa SodiumNa Magnesium Mg AluminumAl ZincZn IronFe NickelNi Tin Sn LeadPb (Hydrogen)(H) * CopperCu MercuryHg SilverAg GoldAu *Metals from Li to Na will replace H from acids and water; from Mg to Pb, they will replace H from acids only. STRONGEST WEAKEST

Reactivity Series Name Symbol LithiumLi PotassiumK BariumBa CalciumCa SodiumNa Magnesium Mg AluminumAl ZincZn IronFe NickelNi Tin Sn LeadPb (Hydrogen)(H) * CopperCu MercuryHg SilverAg GoldAu *Metals from Li to Na will replace H from acids and water; from Mg to Pb, they will replace H from acids only. A reaction will only take place if metal ‘X’ is stronger than metal ‘Z’ X + ZA  XA + Z Increasing Reactivity

Reactivity Series Name Symbol LithiumLi PotassiumK BariumBa CalciumCa SodiumNa Magnesium Mg AluminumAl ZincZn IronFe NickelNi Tin Sn LeadPb (Hydrogen)(H) * CopperCu MercuryHg SilverAg GoldAu *Metals from Li to Na will replace H from acids and water; from Mg to Pb, they will replace H from acids only. Increasing Reactivity If metal X is not stronger than metal Z, no reaction will take place X + z A  no reaction

Sample Problem Zn + H 2 SO 4  ZnSO 4 + H 2 Why did this reaction take place? Find Zn on the scale, Find Hydrogen Zinc is ‘stronger’ so it will ‘kick’ H off and bond with sulfate  Zn +2 SO 4 -2 = ZnSO 4 Name Symbol LithiumLi PotassiumK BariumBa CalciumCa SodiumNa Magnesium Mg AluminumAl ZincZn IronFe NickelNi Tin Sn LeadPb (Hydrogen)(H) * CopperCu MercuryHg SilverAg GoldAu *Metals from Li to Na will replace H from acids and water; from Mg to Pb, they will replace H from acids only. Increasing Reactivity

Iron + Aluminum Oxide  N.R. Fe + Al 2 O 3 Will reaction take place? Does Fe have a higher reactivity than aluminum? NO REACTION (N.R.) Increasing Reactivity Name Symbol LithiumLi PotassiumK BariumBa CalciumCa SodiumNa Magnesium Mg AluminumAl ZincZn IronFe NickelNi TinSn LeadPb (Hydrogen)(H) * CopperCu MercuryHg SilverAg GoldAu *Metals from Li to Na will replace H from acids and water; from Mg to Pb, they will replace H from acids only.

The Activity Series of Halogens (at the top of the cutout) Same rules apply

NaBr + Cl 2  Activity of Halogens Top chart says Cl is stronger So it will win the fight and bond To Na NaCl + Br DIATOMIC 2

reminder All the same rules apply for writing compounds. The flip and drop and HON and the Halogens. DO NOT FORGET THESE

Mg + LiCl 

Ca + Zn(CN) 2 

Al + Ag 2 SO 4 