Anatomy and Physiology

Lesson Objectives After this lesson students will be able to: Explain the relationship and function of : Cells Tissues Primary organs Body systems within the human body

Anatomy Define: ___________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Why is the study of the human body and physiology important to the Cosmetologist?

The Study of Structures ________ Anatomy Can be seen with the naked _______ ______________ Anatomy Can only be seen with the _______________

Physiology _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Cells Basic _______________ ______________________ Composed of _________ Gel-like substance containing water, salt & nutrients ____________________ Controls all cell activities

Cells A cell contains 3 basic parts: ____________________ outer surface of cell enclosing protoplasm Chapter 3.1 Anatomy and Physiology Building Blocks of the Human Body _______________ control center of cell activities _________________ production department of cell where cell’s activities take place

Metabolism chemical process in which ______ receive nutrients for __________ and reproduction ___________ ____________ Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones Building up larger molecules from smaller ones Cells Chapter 3.1 Anatomy and Physiology Building Blocks of the Human Body

Tissue ____________ – Covers & protects Connective – Supports, p_________ & holds body together _________ – carries messages to 7 from the brain Muscular – Contracts, to produce _________

Brain______________________________ EyesControl _________________ Heart__________________ the blood LungsSupply the ___________ with ___________ Stomach and Intestines _______________________ food Liver Removes toxic byproducts of ___________ KidneysEliminate _________ and _______ products SkinForms external ____________ layer of body Organs Chapter 3.1 Anatomy and Physiology Building Blocks of the Human Body

Organs Beyond the Book The kidneys clean over 1 million gallons of blood in a lifetime.

Body Systems The Doer’s

Systems _________________________________ Skeletal-__________ Muscular-_________ __________________ Circulatory-________ __________________ Nervous-__________ ___________________ Digestive-Supplies ________________ Excretory-Gets rid of _____________ Respiratory-Controls ______________ Endocrine- Controls _____________ & _________________

Skeletal System Osteology-What is it? ___________________________

Functions of the Skeletal System S________-gives shape & strength S__________ & protect- Internal organs F________- Muscles are attached M______________

The Skull or the Cranium 8 Bones  __________-Forehead  ____________-Sides  ____________-Back  ____________- Temples

Remaining 2 Bones Sphenoid – Located ________ the eyes & nose, connecting all cranium bones _____________ – Spongy bone between eyes, forms part of the nasal cavity

Why do we need to know this???? The shape and size of all the bones of the skull and their relationship to one another will help us determine the most flattering makeup and hair design for each client.

Facial Skeleton -14 Bones Mandible- lower jaw and largest Maxillae- ____ bones of upper jaw Nasal-___ bones that join & form the bridge of nose ____________-Malar-2 bones forming the upper cheek and bottom of eye socket L_________-2 bones forming front part & inner, bottom wall of eye socket

Neck Bones Cervical Vertebrae-7 Bones that form the ________________ Hyoid- U-shaped bone- ____________ _______________

Arm, Wrist & Hand Bones ___________- Largest bone of the upper arm ____________-Small bone on thumb side of forearm _______- Bone on little finger side of forearm ___________-8 small bones held together by ligaments forming wrist ___________-5 long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand ___________- 14 bones that form the fingers, 3 in each

Back,Chest& Shoulder Bones

Body Systems Beyond the Book From the age of thirty, humans gradually begin to shrink in size.

Building Blocks of the Body Self-Check 1.T or F Muscles are the basic units of living matter. 2.T or F The epithelial tissue covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs. 3.The study of organs and systems of the body is called ______. 4. Another name for histology is ______ ______. 5.The study of the functions of organs and systems of the body is called ______. On a sheet of paper numbered from 1-9, answer the following questions. Chapter 3.1 Anatomy and Physiology Building Blocks of the Human Body

Building Blocks of the Body Self-Check 6.The study of the human body as seen with the naked eye is called ______ ______. 7.Cells are composed of a gel-like substance called ______. 8.Cells make up ______, which make up organs. Organs make up _______. 9.A group of body structures that, together, perform one or more vital functions of the body is known as a ______. Chapter 3.1 Anatomy and Physiology Building Blocks of the Human Body

The Muscular System Myology – The study of ___________ More than 500 large & small muscles in the body Muscles comprise _______of the body’s weight

Muscle Functions Support the _______ Produce _________ movements __________ the body Involved in other bodily functions; digestive, _________, & __________ systems

Muscle Tissue Types Striated – _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________. ex. If I thought, “I need to blink,” my eyes would blink. Non-Striated – _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ ex. Heart, eyes blink to keep them moist.

Special Terms Anterior – _________ Posterior – ________ Superioris – _______ ___________________ Inferioris – ________ ___________________ _________________ Levator – _________ Depressor – _______ ___________________ Dilator – __________ ___________________ _________________.

3 Parts of the Muscle ___________ – fixed portion attached to the bone, also called skeletal __________ – middle of muscle _____________ – Portion of muscle joined to the movable part

Muscles Move By Contraction or _________________ Expansion- Relaxing

Stimulate Muscles Massage Electric __________ __________ rays Heat _________ __________ heat __________ impulses ____________

Scalp & Face Muscles Facials  Massage from ____________ to __________________

Epicranius or Occipitalis- Frontalis – Muscle extending from __________ to the top of _________ Occipitalis – Muscle located at the ______ of the __________.

Ear Muscles Auricularis ____________ – in front of ear Auricularis ____________ – above the ear Auricularis ___________ – behind the ear

Eye & Nose Muscles _______________ eyebrows, draws in & downward ___________ _________ raises eyelid _____________ ____________ closes eyelid _______________ – draws brows down & wrinkles nose

Mouth Muscles Oris ___________ – Pucker, whistle, _______ or wrinkle Q____________ L_______Superioris – Raise nostrils, (Turn up nose) Quadratus Labii I_________ – Pulls lower lip down, ___________ ____________ – Pushes lower lip up, doubt

More Mouth Muscles __________ – Draws mouth up & out, as in grin __________ – Pulls up corners of the mouth, snarling ____________ – Draws corners of the mouth down, depression _________ Draws mouth up & back, laughing ____________ – Compresses cheeks, blowing

Mastication Muscles ____________ – Located above & in front of the ear, opens & closes the jaw, chew __________ – Covers the hinge of the jaw, helps in chewing

Neck & Upper Back Muscles _____________ – From tip of chin to shoulder & chest, depresses lower jaw, sadness S___________ M___________ – Along side of neck from ear to collarbone, side-to-side, up & down, “yes” & “no” T_________ L_________ D_______ – Back of neck to upper back, rotates shoulder blades, swings arms

Shoulder, Chest & Arm Muscles P__________ – Front of the chest, swings arms S__________ Anterior – Under the arm, breathing & raising arms Deltoid – Covers the ________, lifts, turns arm _________ – front of upper arm, raises upper arm, bends elbow _________ – Controls forward movement of forearm, length of upper arm ___________- Runs parallel to ulna, palm up ____________ – Runs across lower part of radius & ulna, palm down & inward ____________- Mid- forearm, bends wrist & closes the fingers E__________ – Mid- forearm, outside, straightens fingers & wrist

Hand muscles ________ – Separate the fingers ___________ – Draw together Opponens – Located in ______, causes thumb to move toward the ________, grasp,fist

The Heart _________-shaped Muscular organ Located in the chest Size of your _______ Encased in the pericardium Contracts & _______ to move blood through the body

Vascular

Circulatory System- 2 Parts Cardiovascular  __________ of blood  Heart, __________, veins, ___________ Lymph-Vascular  Circulation of ________  Lymph __________, nodes and __________

Four Compartments Upper Chamber  Rt. _________  LFT. ________  Lower Chamber  RT. V_________  LFT. V__________  60-_____ Beats per minute

The Blood Sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body bringing ___________ & oxygen to all body parts and carrying _______ & waste products to the ________ & kidneys to be eliminated. ____________ pints in our body

Blood Components Red Blood Cells ____________-Carry O2, contain a protein called hemoglobin White Blood Cells- ____________-fight bacteria, number increases when body has an infection

More Blood Components Blood Platelets- Thrombocytes- responsible for ______________ Plasma-________ part of the blood in which red & white blood cells are suspended. 90% water

Blood Vessels ____________-Tubular, elastic,thick-walled branching vessels that carry pure blood from the heart through the body __________- Tubular, elastic, thin-walled branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries to the heart. Contain valves to prevent back flow. Carries blood containing CO2. _____________-Small, carry nutrients & O2 from arteries to the cells, & take waste away.

Blood returns through 2 Veins I__________ J_________ Vein- IJV E__________ J__________ Vein- EJV

ECA or External Carotid Artery Branches into: Occipital-supplies __________ to back of head. Posterior Auricular-supplies blood to the _________ above & behind the ears. Superficial Temporal-supplies blood to sides & top of head, branches into ____ smaller arteries. External Maxillary-supplies the lower part of the face, ________ & nose, breaks down into ____ smaller arteries.

Nervous System Define: _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________.

3 Parts of the Nervous System Central or _________________ System ________________ System _______________ or Sympathetic System

Components of the nervous System BRAIN-controls all functions of the __________ system. Weighs ________ oz. SPINAL CORD NERVES

Central Nervous System B________ S_______ C_______ Controls all __________ body actions.

4 parts of the BRAIN ____________-mental activity, front of cranium. ____________-muscle movement, occipital. ________-connects brain to spinal cord, below cerebrum. Medulla-____________- connects brain to spinal cord, below pons.

Peripheral Nervous System- Message Carrier Nerve Cells-Neuron, like other cells but have axons. At the end of each axon is a nerve terminal, synapse, makes connections. Send messages in the form of nerve impulses Dendrites- short fibers of the synapses, __________ messages sent to nerve cells- Interstate highway of the body

Types of Nerves _________-carry messages from brain to muscles, by contracting or expanding ____________- transmit sensation messages to brain, pain etc, through motor nerves. This interaction is reflex. _________- perform both motor & sensory functions. Ex. Trifacial Nerve, helps you chew. Largest of facial nerves, transmits all facial sensations. 3 main branches, “tri”

Autonomic or Sympathetic Responsible for all involuntary body functions  R_____________  D_____________  C_____________  E_____________  R_____________

Digestive System Breaks down ____ into simpler ______compounds that can be easily absorbed by cells or if not absorbed, eliminated from the body in ____products.

Excretory System __________solid, liquid & gaseous waste products from the body.  Skin-20 sq. ft, largest body organ, excretes ______, CO2 etc.  Liver-changes _________ to urea, changes to kidneys.  Kidneys-pass urea from _______ through nephrons, which filter waste & H2O, nephrons send nutrients to ______.

Respiratory System Functions-Intake O2, expel CO2 __________-has cells or cilia that absorb O2 & send it to the blood Diaphragm-Expands & _________ to force air in & out of lungs

Endocrine System Duct Glands  Sebaceous Glands- Secrete sebum, oil  Sudiferous Glands-  _________ Glands- make hormones Effects hair growth, skin conditions & energy level

“OLOGY” the study of P_____________ –The study of the functions bodily organs perform. O__________ –The study of bones. M__________ –The study of the structure, function & diseases of the muscles. C___________________ – The study of the art & science of beauty care. N_____________ – The study of the nervous system.