Living standard indicators

Living standard material, cultural, social and moral utitity values which have inhabitants in the time and space utility values are used for satisfaction of the life statistical methods – quantification each component of living standard

Living standard Income Consumption Housing Free time – usage and quantity Social and health state

Living standard Living standard differentation social economic biological Basic methods comparison (time, space, groups of inhabitants and households… etc.) relative formulation – per consumer unit (per person, per household)

Consumer unit Relative level of consumption or income Consumer unit scale range of relative level of consumption of each group of persons (households), the base is the consumption or income of chosen type of person or household scale unit for individuals scale unit for families According the chosen scale units nutritional consumer units (joule, individuals only) economic consumer units (monetary expression)

Income and comsumption sources Statistical survey of wages and social incomes Sample survey of household income (microcensus) Tax statistics Family budget study

Microcensus Social and income differencies among households 2 – 5 year period; 0,5 – 2 % households Sampling: random choice Statistical unit: household Demographic data and all income (wage, product selling, rent, presents, alimony…)

Family budget study aim: collection a analyse of all monetary and natural incomes, monetary and natural expenditures of chosen households in 1 year period sampling: quote sampling (3000 households)

1. INCOME of inhabitants Net wages and salaries Net income (by self-employed) Cooperative income Selling of agricultural products Onwnership income (rent, interest, dividend) Provision Pension Scholarships Authorial honorarium Social support Unemployment support …..

Living standard indicators Average income per capita per consumer unit of household of household per capita Income – nominal expression Real income – recounted nominal by consumer price index

Income differences measurment Measures of variation variance standard deviation coefficient of variation Measures of concentration graphical – Lorenz curve computional – Gini coefficient of concentration

Lorenz curve x – cumulative share of recipients y – cumulative share of incomes equality distribution – diagonal

Lorenz curve - example

Gini coefficient of concentration Based on Lorenz curve Relationschip between area S 1 and S 1 +S 2 S 1 area between diagonal and Lorenz c. S 2 area between Lorenz c. and axis x M i average income in „i“ quantile (i = 1, 2,…, r) M-bartotal average income p i relative frequency in „i“ quantil (i = 1, 2,…, r) k(p i )cumulative relative frequency

Living income, living wage Total living income – total income each person from its productivity age till time of observation Total lifetime income – includes whole working period Living wage – sum of money, which is nedeed for satiation of necessaries of life Breadline – lower limit of living wage Social limit – upper limit of living wage (under upper limit people can not reach the minimal realisation of life functions)

2. EXPENDITURE of inhabitants All products and services of inhabitants available for consumption National accout system – private and public consumption Consumption real consumption potential consumption – sources to cover consumption Units natural nutritional monetary

Consumption types Food products Non food products Services National account system Food and beverages, tobacco Clothing and footwear Housing, watter, electricity Furniture, household equipment Health care Transport Recreation and culture Other products and services

Needs Necessity Standard Luxury Short-term consumption Long-term consumption

Housing, social affairs and care

Housing Indicators number of habitable rooms average area of habitable room number of inhabitatns per 1 dwelling number of households per 1 dwelling total habitable area per 1 inhabitant ……

Housing Conditions of housing technical equipment of dwelling (watter, electricity, gas, sewerage system) type of heating (local – electricity, gas, solid fuel; central and district heating) equipment by offices (toilette, bathroom)

Housing Other indicators Share of dwellings with owners Share of flat-dwellers Rent Structure of dwellings according rent Average expenditure on housing

Social care Old age pension scheme old age and invalid persons support as well people without bread-winner What is observed: average montly pension (old-age, invalid, widow´s, ophan´s…) changes in pension structure share of pensioners on population

Social care Health insurance – cash benefits, support ill insured people, family member care average height of support number of insured average of benefits per 1 work disabled person Other social benefits – birth grant, child benefit, housing benefit, transport benefit…

Social care and unemployment support Social care of old-age persons, old-age persons, disabled person, inadaptable persons total number of support number of places in institution of social service work number of places in institutions for long term disabled share of inhabitants in social service institutions

Social care and unemployment support Support of unemployed number of persons average support duration of support

Other indicators of social affairs Usage of the time – work and free time Structure of time table, usage of free time Number of persons with paid holiday Number of weeks of paid holiday Number of paid public holiday Share of vacancies on working time Average number of vacancies Free time expenditure

Statistical analyses of expenditure and income Time series analysis standard models (applied regression analysis) adaptive models (deterioration of information is included) Regression and correlation analysis linear non linear analysis