Chapter 5- The Progressive Movement Unit 2

Progressivism Goals of Progressivism – Fix problems caused by industrialization and urbanization – End the corruption in local and state governments – Give democracy back to the people

Muckrakers Muckrakers-Writers who investigated social problems and exposed them to the American public – Ida Tarbell’s A History of Standard Oil- attacked the Standard Oil Co. – Jacob Riis’ How the Other Half Lives- portrayed poverty, disease and crime in immigrant neighborhoods – Lincoln Steffens’ Shame of the Cities- exposed the corruption of local govts. – Robert La Follette’s “Laboratory of Democracy”- looked to political corruption

How the Other Half Lives

Progressivism Promotes Democracy Direct Primaries- allow members of political parties to pick candidates for general elections Initiative and Referendum- allowed voters to put forth and vote on legislation. Recall Elections- special election to remove govt. officials before their term is up

2. 17 th Amendment (1913) Allowed Americans to vote for senators; limited the power of political machines and thwarted corruption 3. Women’s Suffrage N.A.W.S.A.-organization of women that fought for suffrage in the early 1900s 19 th Amendment (1920)-gave women the right to vote

Signing of the 19 th Amendment

C. Social Welfare Progressivism 1. Campaign Against Child Labor John Spargo’s The Bitter Cry of the Children Children’s Bureau - investigated children in the work- place and made suggestion to govt. on how to end child labor

2. Health and Safety Codes Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)-devastating workplace fire that led to investigations on worker safety and new laws to protect workers Workers Compensation Zoning and Building Codes 3. Temperance Movement 18 th Amendment (1920)-ended the manufacturing, selling or drinking of alcohol in America

Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Section 2 -4: The Progressive Presidents A.Roosevelt’s Square Deal (the 3 C’s) 1. Corporations TR believed that some trusts were too greedy and hurt competition in the economy TR utilized the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to break up bad monopolies Earned the nickname “The Trustbuster” TR became the first president to support labor unions; supported the United Mine Workers strike in 1902 Passed the Hepburn Act to strengthen the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission in regulating the railroads

A.2. Consumer Protection Influenced by Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle TR passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act to protect consumers against tainted products 3. Conservation TR and Gifford Pinchot (head of the US Forest Service) urged Americans to conserve America’s resources Established 5 National Parks and 51 federal wildlife reservations

Excerpt from the Jungle “There would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white- it would be doused with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers and made over again for home consumption… There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; an dthe water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about upon it.” – from the Jungle.

Pure Food and Drug Act

The Man with the Muck Rake

Daily Check for Understanding Tuesday: Describe the political cartoon. What does this say about how President Roosevelt was viewed by the public?

Political Cartoons on the Trusts

B. President Taft’s Progressive Reforms 1. The “Real” Trust Buster and Corporate Regulation Filed twice as many anti-trust lawsuits than TR Passed the Mann-Elkins Act to increase the powers of the ICC

2. Children’s Bureau Investigated and publicized problems with child labor 3. Conservation Continued Created the Bureau of Mines to regulate mining companies Expanded the National Forests Protected waterpower sources from private development

C. Election of Republican Party Splits TR unhappy with Taft’s policies decides to challenge him for the Republican nomination Taft’s supporters lock TR out of Republican National Convention and nominate Taft 2. TR and the Progressive Party TR starts his own political party based on the ideals of progressivism Nicknamed the Bull Moose Party

3. New Nationalism vs. New Freedom Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson TR develops a progressive agenda that he calls New Nationalism Woodrow Wilson also promotes his own progressive agenda called the New Freedom With the Republican Party votes split between Taft and TR, Woodrow Wilson and the Democrats take the White House

D. Wilson’s Progressive Agenda: Attacking the Triple Wall of Privilege 1. Tariff Reform Passed the Underwood Tariff lowered the tax on imports by half Led to the passage of the 16 th Amendment which created a permanent federal income tax 2. Trusts Passed the Clayton Antitrust Act to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act Protected the rights of workers to form labor unions Samuel Gompers referred to it as the “Magna Carta of Labor” Created the Federal Trade Commission to regulate American businesses and take to court companies that hurt competition

3. Treasury System US had not had a central bank since the 1830s Wilson signed into law the Federal Reserve Act to provide stability through controlling interest rates and the amount of $ in circulation 12 regional banks Issued $ Loaned $ Helped failing banks

E. The Legacy of Progressivism 1. Responsibility and Role of Govt. Americans came to expect the government to play a more active role in the economy and in solving social problems

2. Failures of Progressivism Did not address civil rights or civil liberties -NAACP created to promote African American civil rights issues -Anti Defamation League created to end discrimination against Jews