Genetic Information is Passed from Parent to Offspring Summarize how genetic information is passed from parent to offspring by using the terms genes, chromosomes, inherited traits, genotype, phenotype, dominant traits, and recessive traits.

Bell Ringer Wolf Family Analyze the wolf family on pages What similarities can you see between the mother wolf and her offspring?

Bell Ringer Strong Genes Has anyone ever told you that your family has strong genes? What did they mean?

Homework for the week-Write in your agenda now! Standardized Test Practice-”The Euglena Puzzle” pg. 37 (1-7); Due Friday, 11-14

Essential Question How do your genes related to the way that you look?

Objective Analyze terms related to genes and heredity.

Standard Standard Summarize how genetic information is passed from parent to offspring by using the terms genes, chromosomes, inherited traits, genotype, phenotype, dominant traits, and recessive traits.

Genes and Heredity Introduction Use your various references to define the following 10 terms using any vocabulary strategy from pages R50-R51: 1.Trait 2.Heredity 3.DNA 4.Chromosomes 5.Gene 6.Allele 7.Genotype 8.Phenotype 9.Dominant Trait 10.Recessive Trait

1. Traits Offspring may have the same physical characteristics, or traits, as their parents because genetic information (DNA) is passed from parent to offspring during sexual reproduction. Each sex cell (egg or sperm) of the parent organism (plant or animal) contains one-half of the genetic material needed to create a new organism.

2. Heredity Heredity is the passing of traits from one generation to another, or inheritance.

3. Chromosomes Chromosomes=structures found in the nucleus of a cell that contains the genetic information (DNA). Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of the cells.

4. Genes Genes= A segment of DNA found on a chromosome that determines the inheritance of a particular trait. Genes are responsible for the inherited characteristics that distinguish one individual from another.

5. Allele Genes for a specific trait generally come in pairs. One gene from the pair is called an allele.

6. Genes Are Expressed in Different Forms Genes may be expressed in two different forms. Genotype—the set of genes carried by the organism. Phenotype—the physical expression of the genes.

Genotype Verses Phenotype Genotype –Letters that tell the look Phenotype –Physical Looks TTALL TtTt tshort

7. Inherited Traits Characteristics that are passed from parent to offspring. Examples of inherited traits may be eye color, eye shape, hair type, or face shape. Some inherited traits are dominant and some are recessive.

8. What do these 2 girls have in common?

9. Dominant Trait Dominant trait—A trait that will always be expressed in the phenotype. Alleles for dominant traits are represented by capital letters. Dimples are a dominant trait. DD, Dd

10. Dominant Traits TraitDominant Trait Hair TypeCurly or Wavy Hair ColorDark DimplesHaving Dimples EarlobesFree

11. Recessive Traits Recessive trait—A trait that will only be expressed in the phenotype if two recessive alleles are present. In the presence of a dominant trait, the recessive trait will not be expressed. Alleles for recessive traits are represented by lowercase letters.

12. Recessive Traits TraitsRecessive Traits Hair TypeStraight Hair ColorLight DimplesNo dimples EarlobesAttached

Analyze Your Peers Select a peer from your station. Interview your peer about his/her traits. Draw and color the peer to the best of your ability. Complete the following data table based on your analysis: Name of Your Peer___________ Physical Traits Where did the trait come from? Is the trait a dominant or recessive trait? Hair Type Hair Color Dimples Earlobes

Quick Review – 2 Corners TraitDominantRecessive Hair TypeCurly or WavyStraight Hair ColorDarkLight DimplesHaving DimplesNo dimples EarlobesFreeAttached

Genes and Heredity Review What are 2 forms of the same gene called? a.Phenotypes b.Genotypes c.Dominant Traits d.Alleles

Genes and Heredity Review In humans, having dimples is a dominant trait. You meet a person and notice that she does not have dimples. What can you conclude about this person? A. She has inherited 2 recessive alleles for the dimple trait. B. She has inherited 1 recessive allele for the dimple trait. C. She had inherited 2 dominant alleles for the dimple trait. D. She had inherited 1 dominant allele for the dimple trait.

Genes and Heredity Review Where are the chromosomes of an organism located? a.On the genes b.On the alleles c.In the nuclei of the cells d.In the DNA molecule

13. Relevant Questions

13. Dominant and Recessive Traits

14. Traits Data Table Trait PhenotypeXGenotype 1. Hair color brown, black, or red hair LL or Ll blond hair ll 2. Hair type naturally curly TT or Tt naturally straight tt 3. Tongue curling can curl tongue CC or Cc cannot curl tongue cc 4. Mid-digital hair hair present, middle digit of finger MM or Mm hair absent, middle digit of finger mm 5. Pigmented iris eyes not blue EE or Ee blue eyes ee 6. Widow's peak peak in center of hairline WW or Ww no peak in center of hairline ww 7. Bent finger little finger curves toward others BB or Bb little finger straight bb

15. Relevant Questions