글로벌 금융위기와 시스템리스크 분석 금감원 조재현. 시스템 리스크란 ? 2 1. Systemic event 가 발생할 가능성 2. 그럼 Systemic event? 3. Systemic event 에 대한 정의는 무수히 존재 4. 실제 Systemic event 의 발생.

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Presentation transcript:

글로벌 금융위기와 시스템리스크 분석 금감원 조재현

시스템 리스크란 ? 2 1. Systemic event 가 발생할 가능성 2. 그럼 Systemic event? 3. Systemic event 에 대한 정의는 무수히 존재 4. 실제 Systemic event 의 발생 예 5. Lehman crisis : 금융의 중개기능이 마비 6. 만약 천재지변에 의해 금융이 마비된다면 ? 7. 분석의 대상이 되기 위해서 8. Academic 영역에서 Policy 영역으로

시스템 리스크 분석 동향 (1) 3 1. 금융위기의 역사는 오래전부터 연구대상 2. 글로벌 금융위기의 키워드는 전염 년 IMF 의 GFSR 4 가지 방법론 제시 4. CoVaR GSFR (2009) Fig 2.5 VaR CoVaR VaR Haldane (2009) “Rethinking the Financial Network” IMF GFSR (2009) “Assessing the systemic implications of financial linkages”

시스템 리스크 분석 동향 (2) 4 1. Forward looking 하기 위해서는 2. 세련된 스트레스 테스트 방법론 개발 3. 금융회사간 네트워크를 활용 BIS Working Paper(2012.1) “Stress-testing macro stress testing”

Managing Systemic Risk from the Perspective of the Financial Network under Macro Economic Distress Jo Jae Hyun Financial Supervisory Services

Outline 1. Introduction - systemic risk & purpose 2. A new framework of Network Model - model & Contagion simulation process 3. Empirical data 4. Simulation Results 5. Conclusion 6

I. Introduction  Systemic risk definition(BIS/FSB/IMF 2009) the risk of disruption to the flow of financial services that is (i) caused by an impairment of all or parts of the financial system; and (ii) has the potential to have serious negative consequences for the real economy  Interconnectedness & Network analysis  Purpose - To what extent failure of some financial institutions have impact on other financial institutions? - What are the key exposures that are critical to create systemic risk? - How does an extensive spillover effect have to be prevented? 7

II. Model: Data structure 8

Toy example 9 금융회사 i 가 금융회사 j 로부터 조달한 자금 Toy example ①금융회사로부터 조달자금이 가장 많은 금융회사는 ? ②타 금융회사에 운용자금이 가장 많 은 금융회사는 ? ③금융회사 A 부도시 신용손실을 가장 많이 입는 금융회사는 ?

II. Model: Network analysis(1)  Network analysis history: Swiss(1998), UK(2002), US(2003), Germany(2004), Austria(2006), Belgium(2007)  IMF GFSR(2009) Chan-Lau version - Credit loss - Funding loss - Easy to practice but too simple 10

네트워크 분석 두 개체 사이의 데이터를 기반으로 다수 개체 사이의 그물망 같은 연결구조를 통해 일부에서 발생한 충격의 전이과정을 규명하는 분석방법 분석 대상 데이터 분석을 위해 다양한 데이터가 활용가능하며 ECB 의 Network 분석 Workshop*(‘09.10 월 ) 은 금융회사간 CDS 거래, 지급결제 자금 데이터 및 경제주체간 상호익스포져 데이터 등을 활용 * “Recent advances in modeling systemic risk using network analysis” 참고 II. Model: Network analysis(2)

IMF GFSR(2009) Chan-Lau version 12 Inter-financial asset Inter-financial liability Other asset Capital Deposit Credit loss Loss of Bank i when Bank h defaults Asset Sale Funding loss Total loss : Loss give default : Replacement rate : Asset sale loss rate

II. Model: Network analysis(2)  Funding loss 13 Cash outflow from defaulted banks Replaced amountLiquidity shortage Uprising funding cost Funding cost loss(FCL) in short-term debt Asset fire sale Fire sale loss(FSL) in liquid, illiquid asset

II. Model: Network analysis(3)  Replacement rate(γ), funding costs(μ) depend on solvency ability which is closely related with future capital ratio - capital ratio ↓ ⇒ γ ↓, μ ↑ 14

 Details of funding loss(1) 15 Cash outflow from defaulted banks Liquid Asset Replaced amountLiquidity shortage Liquidity inflow sale Inflow > Shortage Inflow < Shortage Sell illiquid asset Fire sale loss(FSL) in liquid asset : Fire-sale loss rate for liquid asset

 Details of funding loss(2) 16 Liquidity shortage Fire sale loss(FSL) in illiquid asset Liquidity inflow from liquid asset Residual Covered by illiquid asset with loss rate Replaced amount Funding cost loss(FCL) Short-term debt

II. Model: Network analysis(4)  Limit on explaining systemic risk by default contagion only in financial sectors  Need to input macro shock in the model considering recent crisis feature accompanying financial and real economy crisis  Macro economic shock - macro credit shock: HH, corporate - market shock: depreciation of asset - liquidity shock: outflow of wholesale fund and deposits 17

II. Model: Network analysis(5)  Loss on Balance sheet 18

II. Model: Default Contagion(1)  Default Contagion process 1. set trigger failure 2. credit loss, macro credit loss 3. capital ratio 4. update replacement rate and funding cost 5. Fire sale loss and Funding cost loss 6. market loss 7. total loss=credit + market + funding loss 19

II. Model: Default Contagion(2) 8. update capital ratio 9. decide whether default or not 10. new default ⇒ go to step 3. no new default ⇒ exit 20

II. Model: Default Contagion(3) 21 출처 : IMF GFSR(2009) “Assessing the systemic implications of financial linkages”

III. Empirical Data  Table

III. Empirical Data  Inter-financial linkage structure 23

IV. Simulation Results(1)  Default contagion round 24

IV. Simulation Results(2)  Features of Default contagion - Defaults of Securities and CSFC with high wholesale funding ratio cause extensive contagion - Domestic banks default is necessary for extensive contagion - Contagion can be prevented by recapitalization of Domestic banks, 10.4mil$(BIS 1.1%p) 25 Total loss of Domestic banks on default round

IV. Simulation Results(3)  Key exposures creating systemic risk - exposures between securities↔banks, CSFC↔banks - Extensive contagion can be blocked by reduction of the exposures respectively 17%, 27% 26

V. Conclusion  Replacement rate 와 funding cost 를 통해 채무불이행 리스크와 유동성 리스크를 연결  시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 일부 금융권역의 부도가 금융권 전체로 확산되는 과정을 설명  시스템 리스크를 막기위한 방안으로 주요 익스포져 축소 및 은행권자본확충 규모를 제시  현재 BIS 에서 논의가 진행중인 Domestic-SIFI 관련 정책 결정에 도움 27

감사합니다. 28

APPENDIX Toy example ①금융회사 A 부도시 금융회사 C 가 입 는 신용손실과 유동성손실은 ? ( :100%, :60%, :50%) ②금융회사 A 부도시 금융회사 C 의 부 도여부는 ? 나머지 회사는 ? ③금융회사 A 부도시 2 차 연쇄효과 존재회사는 ? ④금융회사 A 의 부도로 인해 전체 금 융회사에 파급효과는 ? 50*100%+20*40%*50%/(1-50%)=58 C 만 부도, B 는 24, D 는 30 만큼 손실 C 로 인해 B 는 64 만큼 손실이 발생하여 연쇄 부도 발생 결국 2 차 연쇄효과로 A, B, C 에서 부도가 발생하는데, 이들로 인해 D 는 66 만큼 손실이 발생하여 전체 금융회사 연쇄 부도 발생