Disclaimer: All participants permission were requested and received before the presenting of this lesson.

PROBLEM: Mr. Green and Ms. Brown have a son named Jones. Mr. Green has noticed traits in his son, such as love of hunting and a desire to eat beans, that are opposite his own traits. (dun dun duh ~~~~)

PROBLEM: Ms. Brown admits she had an affair with a man 10 years ago. That man’s name is…. Mr. Smith! And he’s come back to claim Jones as his son.

 Today, we will conduct blood typing tests and try to determine paternity of Jones. Solution:

Blood Grouping

Key Terms  Antigens  Agglutination  Rh Factor  ABO Blood Groups  Tranfusion  Infusion  Donor  Recipient  AO, BO, AB and O blood types  Co-dominance  Alleles

Blood type is based on the presence of 2 major antigens in RBC membranes-- A and B Blood typeAntigenAntibody A A anti-B B B anti-A A & B AB no anti body Neither A or B Oanti-A and anti-B Antigen- protein on the surface of a RBC membrane Antibody- proteins made by lymphocytes in plasma which are made in response to the presence of antigens. They attack foreign antigens, which result in clumping (agglutination)

Blood types

What this translates to… Blood TypeCan give toCan receive from AA, ABA, O BB, ABB, O AB A, B, AB, O O O

People with blood type 0 are called "universal donors” People with blood type AB are called "universal receivers."

Blood type by the numbers…  Blood type O is the most common in the U.S. ~ 45% population  Second is type A ~ 39%  Third is type B ~ 12%  Lastly is type AB ~ 4%

How to inherit blood type BLOOD TYPEGENOTYPESPHENOTYPE AI A I A or I A I o Has A proteins BI B I B or I B I o Has B protein ABIAIBIAIB Has A and B proteins OIoIoIoIo No proteins

Rh factor blood grouping system The Rh factor is an antigen and those who have it are called Rh+. Those who haven't are called Rh-. A person with Rh+ blood can receive blood from a person with Rh- blood without any problems.

AGGLUTINATION A reaction occurring when antibodies in the plasma bind to the antigens on the surface of the red blood cells. Often described as “clumping”

Blood type?

Punnett Squares Mr. Smith x Ms. Brown Mr. Green x Ms. Brown

1. Complete the tests 2. Identify Blood types 3. Run Punnett Squares 4. Identify possible parents

Blood type test results NameBlood typePossible Genotypes Mr. Smith Jones (son) Mr. Green Ms. Brown

Blood type test results NameBlood typePossible Genotypes Mr. Smith A Jones (son) B Mr. Green AB Ms. Brown O

What genotypes? NameBlood typePossible Genotypes Mr. Smith A Jones (son) B Mr. Green AB Ms. Brown O

What genotypes? NameBlood typeGenotype Mr. Smith AI A I A, I A i Mr. Jones (son) BI B I B, I B i Mr. Green ABIAIBIAIB Ms. Brown Oii

Investigating and Interpreting the results IAIA i i i IAIA IBIB i i Mr. Smith x Ms. Brown Mr. Green x Ms. Brown

Investigating and Interpreting the results IAIA i i I A iii i I A iii IAIA IBIB i I A iI B i i I A iI B i Mr. Smith x Ms. Brown Mr. Green x Ms. Brown Jones!

Results of Blood testing  MR. SMITH, you are NOT the father! *Note: We will not be dealing with the emotional repercussions of the test results in this class. However, all involved are encouraged to seek counseling.

Important Questions  What are the blood types of each person?  What does the clumping (agglutination) tell you?  How did you use the results of the blood test to determine who Jone’s father is?  Were the results conclusive? Can you say for certain Mr. Green is the father?  What could you do as a follow-up?