Chapter 1 Introduction to Adapted Physical Education and Sport 1 Introduction to Adapted Physical Education and Sport Joseph P. Winnick C H A P T E R

Adapted Physical Education Adapted physical education is an individualized program of physical and motor fitness, fundamental motor skills and patterns, and skills in aquatics, dance, individual and group games, and sports that is designed to meet the unique needs of individuals.

Key Features of Adapted Physical Education Individualized Long-term Active Meets unique needs

Plans Associated With Adapted Physical Education Individualized education program (IEP) Individualized family service plan (IFSP) 504 plan Individualized physical education program (IPEP)

Adapted Sport... is sport modified or created to meet the unique needs of individuals.

Aims and Goals for an Adapted Physical Education Program

NASPE Content Standards Standard 1: Demonstrates competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of physical activities. Standard 2: Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities. (continued)

NASPE Content Standards (continued) Standard 3: Participates regularly in physical activity. Standard 4: Achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness. (continued)

NASPE Content Standards (continued) Standard 5: Exhibits responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings. Standard 6: Values physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression, and social interaction.

Inclusion Inclusion means educating students with and without disabilities within the same environment.

Important Points About Inclusion Inclusion is a powerful education movement rather than a legal mandate. Inclusion is based on the belief that a separate education is not an equal education. (continued)

Important Points About Inclusion (continued) Total inclusion differs from the LRE approach in that some acceptable placements are not in a regular educational environment according to LRE. Both LRE and inclusion recognize the importance of support services for successful implementation in regular education settings.

Laws IDEA Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act Olympic and Amateur Sports Act Americans with Disabilities Act

Least Restrictive Environment Education in the least restrictive environment (LRE) means that individuals with disabilities are educated with individuals who are not disabled, and special classes, separate schooling, or other removal of children with disabilities from the regular physical education environment occurs only when the nature of the child’s disability is such that education in regular classes with the use of supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily (OSE/RS, 2006).

Special Education The term special education means specially designed instruction at no cost to parents or guardians to meet the unique needs of a child with a disability, including instruction conducted in the classroom, in the home, in hospitals and institutions, in other settings, and in physical education (OSE/RS, 2006).

Special Education includes physical education

Physical Education Must Be Made Available It should be specially designed, if necessary.

Related Services The term related services means transportation and such developmental, corrective, and other supportive services required to assist a child with a disability to benefit from special education (OSE/RS, 2006). (continued)

Related Services (continued) Related services include speech-language pathology and audiology services, psychological services, physical and occupational therapy, recreation (including therapeutic recreation), early identification and assessment of disabilities in children, counseling services (including rehabilitation counseling), orientation and mobility services, and medical services for diagnostic and evaluation purposes. (continued)

Related Services (continued) Related services also include school health services, social work services in schools, and parent counseling and training.

Physical Education Physical and motor fitness Fundamental motor skills and patterns Skills in aquatics, dance, individual and group games, and sports (including intramural and lifetime sports) In IDEA, the term physical education means the development of the following:

Free Appropriate Public Education Means that special education and related services are provided at public expense, under public supervision and direction, and without charge. Must meet the standards of the state educational agency. Includes an appropriate preschool, elementary, or secondary school education in the state involved. Provided in conformity with an IEP.

Education Practices Before Federal Legislation Kids denied an education Lack of due process Use of mental age to deny instruction Education paid by parents Evaluation once in a child’s school career Emphasis on labels rather than needs Discriminatory testing

Highlights of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) IDEA and its rules and regulations require a right to a free and appropriate education, that physical education be made available to children with disabilities, equal opportunity for nonacademic and extracurricular services and activities, an individualized program designed to meet the unique needs of children with disabilities, (continued)

Highlights of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (continued) programs conducted in the least restrictive environment, nondiscriminatory testing and objective criteria for placement, due process, and related services to assist in special education.

Section 504 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act provides that no otherwise qualified individual with a disability, solely by reason of that disability, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance (Workforce Investment Act of 1998).

Prerequisites for Appropriate Benefits Under Section 504 Equally effective services Services in as normal and integrated settings as possible

Implications of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Extends civil rights to all areas of American life. Requires that community recreational facilities be accessible. Requires reasonable accommodations. Links skills learned in school with community-based recreation.

Periodicals Associated With Adapted Physical Education and Sport Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly Palaestra Sports ’N Spokes

Professional Organizations American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) National Consortium for Physical Education and Recreation for Individuals with Disabilities (NCPERID) International Federation for Adapted Physical Activity (IFAPA)