The case studies of Mexico City and Belo Horizonte Carbon Expo Cologne, 28 May 2010

IDB and sustainable transport Experience in public transport projects in LAC Bellagio declaration, founding member of the Partnership on Sustainable Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) REST: Regional Environmentally Sustainable Transportation Action Plan Common Policy Framework Country Projects Country Strategies and Plans Engagement and Outreach Tools and Methods

Sustainable Transport Comprehensive approach that goes beyond transport itself Includes measures in different areas and acknowledgement of co-benefits Road safety, public health Traffic noise management, air quality monitoring and assessment Public transport planning and traffic demand management, land use planning Non-motorized transport, environmentally friendly infrastructure Cleaner fuels, vehicle emissions control Knowledge strengthening, public awareness and participation, gender and social equity A void – S hift – I mprove approach

Transport NAMAs NAMAs: Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions Framework for mitigation action by developing countries: Bali Action Plan, Copenhagen Accord Role of mitigation in transport sector is fundamental Limited success under existing mechanisms (e.g. CDM) Possible types of NAMAs: Unilateral (without support from Annex I Parties) Supported (with financial/technical support from Annex I Parties) Credited (leading to carbon credits)

NAMAs in Transport Joint initiative by IDB and ADB Identify possible approaches for transport NAMAs proposals Pilot proposals for four cities (Asia and Latin America) Jakarta – Indonesia Hefei – China Belo Horizonte – Brazil Mexico City

Case study: Mexico City Objective Improve the public transport system in the valley of Mexico by optimizing conventional bus routes Increase the efficiency of the system to allow for regional, social and economic development Proposed activities Institutional framework: regulatory entity, operation and management institution Planning: route design, management of concessions, operational design Implementation: communication strategy, route implementation, vehicle scrapping, public transport monitoring system

Case study: Mexico City GHG emissions reductions Decrease overall number of buses due to retirement Decrease overall distance travelled due to improved routes and occupancy levels Increase share of public transport Issues with estimation of GHG emissions reductions Choice of boundary: interaction with other transport measures (e.g. expansion of BRT, Metro, etc.) Availability of tools and data for transport planning and modeling: Origin/destination matrix, number and type of vehicles, number and characteristics of routes, average distance travel and speed, occupancy level, etc.

Case study: Mexico City Proposed MRV approach Quantification of emissions reductions is not straightforward Propose a basic calculation and sensitivity analysis assuming a modal split change Monitor and report the implementation of proposed measures Functioning of regulatory entity, operation and management institution Optimized routes in operation, buses scrapped, etc. Monitor and report main drivers of emissions reductions Decrease in number of buses and overall distance travelled Increase modal share of public transport Monitor and report co-benefits

Case study: Mexico City Financing from supported NAMA Net economic benefit from optimization of bus routes Barriers prevent the implementation of measures Contribution from international support likely to be small compared to overall investment requirements International financial support to: Leverage public and private financing Remove barriers Increase public acceptance Support specific components/measures

Case study: Belo Horizonte Proposed elements of a NAMA Policy objective Description of actions Targets for GHG emissions reductions Estimation of co-benefits MRV Financing Institutional settings

Case study: Belo Horizonte Policy objectives Increase share of active and public transport trips Increased share of active modes Increased share of public transport Decreased share of private transport 5.9% 1,9% -7,8% 5,7% 7,2% -12,9% Reduce GHG emissions -27% -36% Improve transport conditions Reduced travel time Reduced travel cost -23% -18% -25% -18% Improve local environment Reduced PM -39%

Case study: Belo Horizonte Description of NAMA Improvement of roadways and sidewalks 9 BRT corridors and 6 reserved bus-lanes Metro: reduction of headway and train expansion in three lines Integration stations and improved connections 365 km bikeways Transit Oriented Development regulations along transit corridors Increase in parking charges in central area

Case study: Belo Horizonte GHG emissions reductions Estimation of vehicle-kilometers using transport model for the base year under the baseline and NAMA scenarios Emission factors per mode and fuel Emissions from construction Total reductions: 0,5 M t CO 2 eq. in ,9 M t CO 2 eq. in ,1 M t CO 2 eq

Estimation of co-benefits Travel time savings: 252 million hours/y in 2020 Travel cost savings: USD 900 million up to 2030 Pollutants: estimates for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) Further analysis to include impacts on public health, accidents and physical activity Case study: Belo Horizonte

Data requirements for MRV GHG emissions reductions and co-benefits: Population, GDP (national statistics). Trips per person per day, mode split, average distance, cost and time per mode (annual survey) Emission factors Construction emissions NAMA’s implementation Barriers’ removal Progress in the implementation of the mobility plan Case study: Belo Horizonte

Financing Investments Baseline scenario: USD 1.5 B NAMA scenario: USD 4.2 B Total emissions reductions up to 2030: 9 Mt CO 2 eq. Income from supported NAMA? Proposed approach: emissions reductions valued at the carbon’s market price times a multiplier factor

Conclusions Transport will become the main source of GHG emissions: mitigation in this sector is fundamental to the overall efforts to tackle climate change NAMAs have the potential to support mitigation efforts in the transport sector Further work is required on: NAMAs design Definition of MRV requirements Availability of tools and data Institutional arrangements Blending of international climate finance resources

Thank You Francisco Arango Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Unit Inter-American Development Bank Transport Division Infrastructure and Environment Sector Vera Lucia Vicentini Rafael M. Acevedo-Daunas