Materials Paper – sizes and types and their suitability for different situations Card and board Foamboard – its nature and properties Sheet plastics (up to 1mm thick) their suitability for different situations. Suitability of thermoplastic sheet for line bending and vacuum forming. Corriflute Styrofoam

Tasks 1.Types of paper and card – card sort 2.Worksheet – paper 3.Worksheet – card 4.Worksheet – plastics 5.Notes on paper sizes and weights/thicknesses 6.Vacuum forming and line bending 7.Questions

Paper  Layout paper  Cartridge paper  Bleed-proof paper  Tracing paper  Coloured paper  Grid paper  Recycled paper Card and board  Corrugated card  Cardboard  Foamboard  Duplex board  Solid white board Plastics  Acetate  Polyvinylchloride (PVC)  High impact polystyrene  Corriflute (corrugated plastic)  Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene foam)

Tracing Paper Transparent, hard and strong. Its translucency makes it suitable for tracing fine details drawn with fine lines. Used for working drawings. Corrugated Card Two or more layers of card with a fluted inner section to add strength with very little increase in weight. Used for packaging objects which need protection during transportation. Isometric PaperA ready printed sheet with lines already set at 30º, 60º and 90º lines. Used for isometric projections. Grid Paper A ready printed sheet with lines vertically and hotizontally to help draw working drawings. The grids are measued in millimetres. Used for orthographic projections. Cardboard This is a cheap, recyclable stiff board with a good surface to print onto. Used for packaging, boxes and cartons. Ink Jet Card This type of card is treated so that it can be passed through ink jet printers. Used to achieve high quality print finishes. Sugar Paper Coloured paper which has contrasting colours for use in tonal drawings. Different weights and textures available for different activities. Used for display work, fades in sunlight. Layout Paper A thin, fairly transpaprent white paper which provides a cheap medium for designers to use for visualising a project or design. Used in preparation of final ideas. Cartridge / Photocopy Paper Good quality surface for pencils, pens and markers. The soft surface can also be used for crayons, pastels, inks and watercolours. Used for design drawings, sketching.

foam board a layer of lightweight thin foam that is sandwhiched between two layers of card. It is an excellent modelling material as it is strong, lightweight, has a smooth surface finish and can be cut easily with a knife, balsa wood comes in either sheet or block form. It is lightweight and soft so can be cut easily with a sharp knife. It is suitable for making mock ups and prototypes. styrofoama suitable material for 3D modelling. It can be cut, shaped, formed, painted and sections glued together polystrene sheet ideal for vacuum forming and line bending. Sheets available in wide variety of colours and thicknesses. It is strong and lightweight corriflute corrugated flutes are sandwhiched between two thin sheets of plastic. It is lightweight, strong and available in a variety of colours. It is easy to cut and is an ideal modelling material. Bleed Proof Paper Has similar qualities to cartridge paper but specifically good at isolating water based paints and pens so they don't run into areas where you don't want them. Used in high quality presentations White Board This is a strng medium whose surface has been bleached to provide an excellent surface for printing. Used for good quality packaging and book covers Duplex Board This provides a less expensive alternative to white board and also a different texture for printing. Used mainly in food packaging since recycled material acnnot be used for this purpose.

Corrugated board Draw a diagram of what a cross section of this material looks like. Good for packaging – it is able to absorb impacts and lightweight The air in the gaps makes it a good insulator – takeaway coffee cups.

Self adhesive vinyl

Thermoplastics These types of plastics can be heated and moulded over and over again. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) High impact polystyrene

TYPES OF PAPER Name of material Sample / PictureDescription of propertiesExample uses Layout paper It is a thin, fairy translucent white paper which provides a cheap surface for general design work and tracing. Tracing and design ideas Cartrid ge paper Good quality surface for pencils, pens and markers. The soft surface can also be used for crayons, pastels, inks and watercolours. Used for design drawings, sketching. Bleed- proof paper Has similar qualities to cartridge paper but specifically good at isolating water based paints and pens so they don't run into areas where you don't want them. Used in high quality presentations with water based pens and paints. Tracing paper Transparent, hard and strong. Its translucency makes it suitable for tracing fine details drawn with fine lines. Used for working drawings. Quite expensive Tracing Coloure d paper Various weights, textures and colours are available. Used for drawing on, mounting work and in the manufacture of graphic products. Grid paper A ready printed sheet with lines vertically and horizontally to help draw working drawings. The grids are measued in millimetres. Used to aid technical drawings Recycle d paper This type of paper contains a minimum of 75% waster.General use

TYPES OF CARD Name of material Sample / PictureDescription of propertiesExample uses Corrugate d card Two or more layers of card with a fluted inner section to add strength with very little increase in weight. Used for packaging objects which need protection during transportation. Cardboard This is a cheap, recyclable stiff board with a good surface to print onto. Used for packaging, boxes and cartons. Foamboar d A layer of lightweight thin foam that is sandwhiched between two layers of card. It is an excellent modelling material as it is strong, lightweight, has a smooth surface finish and can be cut easily with a knife. Used in the manufacture of products such as display boards, large advertising and point of sale displays. Duplex board This provides a less expensive alternative to white board and also a different texture for printing. One surface is bleached white for printing and the other is left as pure wood pulp. Used mainly in food packaging since recycled material cannot be used for this purpose. Solid white board This is a strong material whose surface has been bleached to provide an excellent surface for printing. Excellent for printing on and used for good quality packaging and book covers

TYPES OF THERMOPLASTIC Name of materialSample / PictureDescription of propertiesExample uses ACETATE A thin plastic film that is flexible, shiny and transparent. It can be printed on. Used for windows in packaging so you can see the product. PVC Is cheap and durable, easy to print on but quite brittle. Used for blister packs (e.g holding tablets) HIGH IMPACT POLYSTYREN E Sheets available in wide variety of colours and thicknesses. It is strong and lightweight Ideal for vacuum forming and line bending. CORRIFLUTE Corrugated flutes are sandwhiched between two thin sheets of plastic. It is lightweight, strong and available in a variety of colours. It is easy to cut and fold in the direction of the flutes and is an ideal modelling material. Good for large, flat surfaces such as estate agentst signs and student A3 folders. STYROFOAM It can be cut, shaped, formed, painted and sections glued together. Lightweight material that you can shape with a knife A suitable material for 3D modelling.

PAPER SIZES A2 = 420mm x 594mm A3 = 297mm x 420mm A4 = 210mm x 297mm A5 = 148mm x 210mm Standard photocopying paper is 80 gsm (grams per square metre)

Card and Cardboard Card = thinner material (greetings cards) Cardboard = thicker material (to mount prints) Thickness is usually measured in microns (1000 microns = 1mm) Paper – up to 200 microns Card 200 – 1000 microns Cardboard is over 1000 microns GSM = grams per square metre. Measures the weight of paper. The weight for drawing paper varies between 94gsm and 155gsm. The heavier the weight the thicker the paper.

THE STRIP HEATER STAGE 1 – the required fold line is marked onto the plastic STAGE 2 - The plastic is placed across the rests, above the heating element The strip heater is turned on and the plastic is turned over every 30 seconds - one minute. This stops the heat rising from the element damaging the surface of the plastic. STAGE 3 - When the plastic becomes flexible it is placed in a ‘jig’. The jig is made to the correct angle, 90 degrees in this case. A square section block is then pressed against the plastic to hold it in position as it cools.

QUESTIONS 1. Describe the stages involved in the use of the strip heater 2. Explain the safety rules that are necessary for this piece of equipment

THE VACUUM FORMER - used to form/shape thin plastic, usually plastics such as; polythene and perspex 1. First, a former is made from a material such as a soft wood. The edges or sides are shaped at an angle so that when the plastic is formed over it, the former can be removed easily.

The plastic sheet is removed from the vacuum former. The sheet has the shape of the former pressed into its surface. The excess plastic is trimmed so that only the plastic bowl remains - the completed item.

QUESTIONS 1. Describe how vacuum forming is used to produce unusual shapes. 2. Name the plastics that can be used for this technique. 3. Why do the sides of the mold have to be angled and very smooth?

1. What type of paper is often used for drawing with felt tip and marker pens? Explain why. 2. explain what cartridge paper is like and what it is used for? 3. What properties do layout paper and tracing paper have in common? 4. In what units are the weights of paper and card measured? 5. Describe what duplex board is like and explain why it is used a lot in food packaging. 6. What size is a piece of A4 paper? 7. Describe the process of vacuum forming and name a suitable plastic for it. 8. Rick has designed a card game. He's thinking about the best way to package it. Suggest a suitable plastic if he wanted to sell the cards a.) wrapped in a see through plastic pocket b.) mounted in a card backed blister pack 9. Emma needs to fold a piece of acrylic for the picture frame she is making. Name the process she could use to do this and outline the basic stages.

1. What type of paper is often used for drawing with felt tip and marker pens? Explain why. - bleed proof paper as the ink does not spread 2. explain what cartridge paper is like and what it is used for? - textured surface, used for sketching 3. What properties do layout paper and tracing paper have in common? - translucent (let light through) 4. In what units are the weights of paper and card measured? - GSM grams per square metre 5. Describe what duplex board is like and explain why it is used a lot in food packaging. - one side is smooth for prinitng,used in food packaging because it is unbleached 6. What size is a piece of A4 paper? - 210mm x 297mm 7. Describe the process of vacuum forming and name a suitable plastic for it. 8. Rick has designed a card game. He's thinking about the best way to package it. Suggest a suitable plastic if he wanted to sell the cards a.) wrapped in a see through plastic pocket - acetate b.) mounted in a card backed blister pack – high impact polystyrene 9. Emma needs to fold a piece of acrylic for the picture frame she is making. Name the process she could use to do this and outline the basic stages.