1. Packaging & Labelling Brian Russell and Graham Penkett

2. Exam expectations Paper/card are the compulsory materials so always expect questions in the exam to relate to this topic. Packaging is also a topic on its own and you are expected to know about a range of packaging solutions and the materials and processes used. You may be asked to solve a packaging problem

3. Interesting Facts Packaging stops goods going to waste but ends up as waste itself. About eight million tonnes each year – the same as the amount of old carpets thrown away each year. This figure has been constant for the past 20 years – because of thinner materials and new technologies.

4. Some products break easily, go rotten, dry out, lose flavour, go soggy etc.

5. Write a list of the different kinds of special protection these products need

6. Look at the pictures again – how do you know what is in the pack? How is this done?

7. Why package? Protect Inform Contain Transport Preserve Display I PICT PD

8. Protect Inform Contain Transport Preserve Display

9. Protect Inform Contain Transport Preserve Display

10. Protect Inform Contain Transport Preserve Display

11. Protect Inform Contain Transport Preserve Display

12. Protect Inform Contain Transport Preserve Display

13. Protect Inform Contain Transport Preserve Display

14. Food packaging Typical themes: Materials (food grade) Composite materials Spillage Security Hygiene Insulation Legal requirements How are they made?

15. Card materials Who invented the first carton? 100 years ago a printer (in New York) who made paper bags produced a carton from strong paper and board. He also developed the creasing/cutting of the board. (Die cutting) Kellogg Corporation were the first big users.

16. Card nets Flat shapes which fold into 3D forms Often food related in exam Glue tabs Locking tabs Position of images Position of text

17. Cutting card nets Die-cutting (creasing done with rounded blade) I Cut – Die Cut

18. Die cutting In the packaging industry these are called cutting formes Usually, the blade is fitted into a flat plywood sheet For very large scale production these blades can be made to fit a roller

19. CNC Cutting & creasing Used for sampling and very small batches Around 2,000 packages could be made Slow but saves making cutting forme and setting up automated folding and gluing

20. Card materials Typical card materials used: Duplex board - bleached liner therefore cheaper for general packaging Solid white board – bleached wood pulp, used for more expensive packaging Foil lined board – keep heat and moisture in Corrugated card (transit packaging) – cheap, rigid, good insulator, recyclable…

21. Typical order of work: Finishing – print, varnish, emboss… Wastage/separation – die-cut/crease Forming - folding Assembling – glue, inserts… Commercial manufacturing

22. Other packaging materials Common materials: Expanded polystyrene – insulated cups and trays, protection in transit High impact polystyrene – vacuum formed trays Low density polythene – carrier bags, film, bottles PET – pop bottles, blister packs Aluminium – foil containers, drinks cans Tin-plated mild steel - cans

23. Design issues Sometimes asked to design in exam: Graphic images – logos, ideograms, symbols… Text – to create impact, position on nets Nets – accuracy, scale, tabs… Input images onto computer – scan, digital camera, drawing package, clipart… Explain use of ICT Communication skills – colour, tone, line etc

24. Packaging information Key information found on packaging includes: Product name Description/contents Manufacturer’s details Technical information Safety information Consumer Protection Storage/maintenance information Environmental information Barcode Design protection

25. Design Protection Copyright Registered Design (often used with trade marks) Trade Mark Patents