 The discovery of cells occurred only after the development of the microscope  In the 1600s, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek developed the single lens microscope and discovered:  Living organisms in water  Red Blood Cells  Bacteria  The discovery of cells occurred only after the development of the microscope  In the 1600s, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek developed the single lens microscope and discovered:  Living organisms in water  Red Blood Cells  Bacteria

 Robert Hooke developed a more modern microscope and used it to examine cork  He observed tiny individual units within the cork that he called “cells” because it reminded him of monks’ cells

 After years of research, scientists summarized their findings into three statements. Together, they make up the cell theory: 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function of all living things 3. All cells come from preexisting cells  After years of research, scientists summarized their findings into three statements. Together, they make up the cell theory: 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function of all living things 3. All cells come from preexisting cells

 The cell is composed of smaller functional parts known as organelles, or “little organs”  Each organelle has a special job to do for the cell to survive

 Surrounds the cell and controls the movement of materials both into and out of the cell  It is considered “semi-permeable”- some materials can pass through and some cannot

 The fluid-like material that fills the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane  It contains all the organelles and many chemical activities occur here  It moves around inside the cell and this process is called cyclosis

 “Brain of the Cell”  Controls all the life functions of the cell  Surrounded by a nuclear membrane  Inside are chromosomes, which are made of long thin threads call chromatin  Chromatin contains DNA, the cell’s hereditary material

 Found inside the nucleus  Involved in the synthesis of ribosomes

 A network of channels or canals that transports substances made in the cell  Two Types:  Rough ER  Smooth ER

 Rough ER: Typically found surrounding the nucleus and covered in organelles called ribosomes. It usually transports proteins.  Smooth ER: Not covered in ribosomes and is involved in the production of fats

 Carry out protein synthesis  They can be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum

 Called the powerhouse of the cell because the process of cell respiration occurs here  Cell respiration produces all of the cells energy in the form of a molecule called ATP  All typical cells contain 300 to 800 mitochondria depending upon their activity  AKA the “Mighty Mitochondria”

 “Stacks of Sacs”  Serve as storage centers for the cell  They store, sort, and package proteins. These packages then move to the cell membrane where the proteins are released to outside the cell

 Storage sacs in the cell  Stores water, food, and some wastes  Much larger in plant cells than in animal cells

 A full vacuole puts pressure on the sides of the cell wall and keeps the plant cell rigid and strong, and the plant standing upright  When a plant loses water, the vacuoles shrink, and the plant cells shrivel, making the plant appear wilted

 Stores waste materials and helps digest food in one- celled organisms  Break down damaged or old cell parts in multicellular organisms

 Pair of cylinder-shaped structures found just outside the nucleus that aid in cell division  Only found in animal cells

 A non-living structure which surrounds, supports, and protects the plant cell  Made of a starch called cellulose  Found only in plant cells  What gives the plant cell a rectangular shape

 Found only in plant cells  Contain the green pigment chlorophyll  Carry out the process of photosynthesis, which is how green plants make their own food

PLANT CELLS  No Centrioles  Big Vacuoles  Cell Wall Present  Chloroplasts Present ANIMAL CELLS  Centrioles Present  Small Vacuoles  No Cell Wall  No Chloroplasts

1. If all cells come from pre-existing cells, where did the first cell come from? It must have come from non-living material

2. Viruses are not made up of cells, but contain genetic material. The only cellular activities that they carry on are synthesis and reproduction inside a living cell

3. Certain cell organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain their own genetic material and can reproduce independently in the cell