تمرینات کششی ارائه کننده : مرتضی احمدی. انعطاف پذیری تعریف : توانایی حرکت دادن یک یا چند مفصل دردامنه حرکتی کامل و بدون درد انعطاف پذیری وابسته است به.

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Presentation transcript:

تمرینات کششی ارائه کننده : مرتضی احمدی

انعطاف پذیری تعریف : توانایی حرکت دادن یک یا چند مفصل دردامنه حرکتی کامل و بدون درد انعطاف پذیری وابسته است به : 1- دامنه حرکتی مفصل 2- دامنه کار عضله

دامنه حرکت مفصل عوامل محدود کننده : شکل سطوح مفصلی عناصر کپسولی و لیگامانی اطراف مفصل اجزاء مفصل ( آناتومیک،فیزیولوژیک ) وضعیت شل،وضعیت قفل شده، وضعیت استراحت

انواع دامنه حرکت دامنه حرکتی فعال : توسط انقباض عضله دامنه حرکتی غیر فعال : توسط نیروی خارجی ارزیابی دامنه حرکتی گونیامتر

دامنه کار عضله توانایی عضله برای کوتاه شدن ودراز شدن ( انقباض،کشیده شدن ) دامنه درونی،دامنه میانی،دامنه بیرونی رابطه طول و نیرو ( تنشن ) ایجاد شده توسط عضله عضلات آگونیست،آنتاگونیست

عوامل آناتومیکی محدود کننده انعطاف پذیری عضلات،تاندونها و غلاف همبند دورشان کپسول ولیگامان حول مفصل ( بدنبال بی حرکتی ) عناصر استخوانی ( معمولادرانتهای دامنه حرکتی ) چربی پوست ( تشکیل بافت اسکار بدنبال برش جراحی )

نوروفیزیولوژی کشش گیرنده های درون عضله : دوک عضلانی ، گیرنده طول اندام وتری گلژی، گیرنده نیرو رفلکس کششی رفلکس کششی معکوس

Better Athletic Performance Prevention of Injuries Improved Posture Relief of Soreness After Exercise Relaxation Relief of Muscle Strain The Benefits of Flexibility

تکنیک های کششی کشش ایستا ( فعال،غیر فعال ) کشش پرتابی کشش در الگوهای خاص

کشش ایستا کشش غیرفعال یک عضله آنتاگونیست با قراردادن آن در وضعیت کشش ونگه داشتن آن زمان ایده آل کشش : 60-3 ثانیه نگه داشتن به مدت ثانیه بهترین اثر را دارد تکرار : 4-3 بار، 5-3 جلسه در هفته کشش ایمن ( بدون ایجاد آزردگی ) ،برنامه گرم کردن، ریلاکسیشن عضله

کشش پرتابی حرکت پرتابی ،انقباض تکراری عضله آگونیست برای ایجاد کشش سریع در عضله آنتاگونیست کشش همسترینگ درشوت زدن سریع یک فوتبالیست به توپ می تواند آسیب رسان باشد با گرم کردن مناسب در مراحل انتهایی ترمیم بافت

PNF کشش دربیماران با مشکلات عصبی - عضلانی بهبود انعطاف پذیری و فانکشن عصبی - عضلانی تکنیک انقباض - ریلاکسیشن : رفع سفتی عضلانی ومحدودیت حرکتی تکنیک نگه داشتن - ریلاکسیشن : رفع محدودیت حرکتی

نکات ضروری قبل از کشش شدید بافت گرم شود برای افزایش انعطاف پذیری، عضله باید فراتر از دامنه نرمالش کشیده شود البته دردناک نباشد دردناک بودن کشش جایز نیست ( آزردگی خفیف ) کشش استاتیک اغلب برای افزایش دامنه حرکتی کشش پرتابی در افراد ورزیده،فقط بعدازکشش استاتیک کشش حداقل 3 بار در هفته،در افراد حرفه ای 6-5 بار در هفته

موارد احتیاط از کشش بیش از حد کپسول و لیگامان حول مفصل اجتناب کنید درکشش دادن کمر وگردن احتیاط کنید،فشار روی مهره ها ودیسک می تواند سبب آسیب شود هنگام کشش فرد نباید نفس اش را حبس کند،طبیعی نفس بکشد درکشش عضلات حول مفاصل دردناک احتیاط کنید،درد نباید نادیده گرفته شود

Cervical Region Upper Trapezius – Origin – base of occipital lobe; posterior ligaments of cervical spine – Insertion – spine of scapula; lateral border of clavicle – Function – elevation of scapula, extension of head, can function unilaterally – Contributing Factors – shrugging of shoulders (stress, driving, computer work) cause hypertonicity; contribute to headaches at base of scull – Stretch Cervical Lateral Flexion with Flexion Stretch

Seated position 1 hand on contralateral upper trapezius 1 hand on temporal/occipital lobe Gently apply pressure to laterally flex head & then move into slight flexion Contraindication - cervical disc problems, osteoporosis of cervical spine

Cervical Region Levator Scapula – Origin – transverse process of spine – Insertion – superior angle of scapula – Function – elevation of scapula can function unilaterally – Contributing Factors –Shrugging of shoulders (stress, driving, computer) cause hypertonicity; contribute to headaches at base of scull & neck pain!! – Stretch Cervical Lateral Flexion with Flexion Stretch position scapula in upper rotation

Cervical Lateral Flexion with Flexion Stretch Seated position 1 hand on contralateral upper trapezius 1 hand on temporal/occipital lobe Gently apply pressure to laterally flex & flexion Contraindication - cervical disc problems, osteoporosis of cervical spine

Cervical Region Sternocleidomastoid – Origin – sternum – Insertion – mastoid process of temporal lobe – Function – bilaterally cause flexion of neck; unilaterally rotation to opposite side – Contributing Factors – cervical protrusion/flexion cause hypertonicity – Stretch Cervical Rotation Stretch

Seated position 1 hand on contralateral upper trapezius 1 hand on mandible Gently apply pressure to rotate head

Cervical Hyperextension Stretch Stretches anterior longitudinal ligament,  pressure on disc (distraction), may help to move nucleus pulposus anteriorly

Lower Extremity Assisted Stretching Make sure client is warmed up, not wearing restrictive clothing, you are aware of any medical contraindications to stretches, have subject lie prone Make sure client feels comfortable with hands on stretching

Sequence of Lower Extremity Stretching 1.Single Knee to Chest 2.Straight Leg Raise a.knee slightly flexed b.knee extended 3.Gastrocnemius Stretch – knee extended 4.Soleus Stretch – knee slightly flexed 5.Adductor Stretch 6.IT Band Stretch 7.External Rotation 8.Internal Rotation 9.Low Back Stretch 10.Hip Flexor Stretch 11.Quadriceps Stretch

Single Knee to Chest – stretches adductor, gluteus maximus, lumbar spine

Straight Leg Raise – stretches hamstrings – tight hamstrings posteriorly rotate pelvis causing straightening of lumbar spine – this  stress on discs contributing to low back pain – tight hamstrings

Adductor Stretch –  risk of groin pulls

IT Band Stretch –  risk IT Band syndrome, common in cyclists & runners moving only on sagital plane – IT Band rubs over lateral condyle of femur creating inflammation

External Rotation Stretch – to stretch the internal rotators

Internal Rotation Stretch – to stretch the external rotators – piriformis sciatic nerve runs very close to this muscle tightness in piriformis may contribute to sciatic pain

Quadriceps Stretch – keep pelvis posteriorly rotated –  risk of quadriceps pull