World War 2: The World at War Again

OBJ #1 Differences between the Governments: 1. Democracy: Individual Rights ◦Economic Rights: Capitalism: Own Businesses, make $ ◦Government Rights: Choose (Elect) their own government ◦Examples: United States (FDR)/ Great Britain (Churchill)/ France (De Gaul) * Can choose their President and choose to go to war

2. Fascist: Dictatorship with Private Business ◦Economic Rights: Capitalism: Own Businesses, make $ ◦Government Rights:Totalitarian/Dictatorship a. One person or party leader Examples: Germany/Italy/Japan ◦Gov. controls ALL information/ NO opposition Adolph Hitler: Germany Benito Mussolini: Italy General Tojo: Japan

3. Communism: Good of everyone. * No individual ◦Economic Rights: NONE- all owned by government ◦Government Rights: Totalitarian/Dictatorship a. One person or party leader Examples: Soviet Union (Russia) Joseph Stalin

OBJ #2 Major Causes of WW II in Europe: Depression after WW1: 1. Italy: * Upset they didn’t get more land after WW1 Becomes 1st Fascist country (Thinks Democracy is bad) * 1922: Benito Mussolini comes to power

2. Germany: (Fascist) Going through Depression after WW1(Reparation) Citizens looking for someone to solve their problem * Hitler appointed as Chancellor of Germany *Forms NAZI party: outlaws all political parties

Hitler blamed Germany’s problems on: 1.Treaty of Versailles (Democracy & Allies 2. Jewish People: Master Race: Germans were Master Race and better than everyone Jewish “Jews” were no longer German citizens * Took away Jews homes and businesses * Hitler builds German army, violates the Treaty of Versailles Jews were forced to wear the Yellow Star, so everyone knew they were Jewish

Hitler Youth: Hitler Youth: Anti-Semitic (Hates Jews), was taught in the schools, and young boys joined the Hitler Youth, and learned how to become soldiers.

NAZI Propaganda: NAZI Propaganda: Posters were put up around Germany to remind people that Hitler was great, it was Germany’s natural right to take over countries and Jews were their enemy. Public opinion was also formed by newspaper, radio, and newsreels

OBJ #3: Hitler’s Goal for Revenge: Lebensraum: Living Space for the Germans a. Take land from non-Germans b. German troops march into Austria & Demand Sudetenland c. Ask Britain and U.S. for help: They give land to Germany to avoid war d. Adds land and no fighting APPEASEMENT: Give someone what they want to make them happy.

=>

Hitler Invades Poland: September 1, Uses BLITZKRIEG: Lighting War, use Modern Army, Tanks, Planes: Move FAST and work together * Destroys Poland POLAND Soviet Union => <=

2.Britain & France declare WAR - Appeasement was a joke -German-Soviet Nonaggression Act-Hitler had secret treaty with the Soviets not to attack each other (they divide Poland) 3. Hitler invades France (1940) and uses “Blitzkrieg” and destroys France After Hitler invaded France, they took over Paris.

4. Battle of Britain: Hitler attacks Great Britain by air raids (Drops Bombs) * RAF (Royal Air Force) fights back – 5 months * Britain has Radar: new technology to track planes * Churchill: “Never Surrender” 5. Hitler takes over almost all of Europe by 1941

United States: - Neutral (no sides) & Isolationist (stay out of their business) - Roosevelt helps Britain * Lend Lease Policy: Let G.B. borrow guns/boats * U.S. builds up their army

Alliances: AXIS: ALLIED: * Germany *Great Britain * Italy* France * Japan *United States * Soviet Union 1st with Axis then with Allied

OBJ #4 Japan’s Expansion in to the Pacific: A. Military takes control of Japan General Tojo in real power not Emperor - Wants Japan to be equal to European powers - Believes they are better than all other Asians-just like Germany - Signs treaty with Germany 2. Invades China, Korea and British Colonies - Murders millions of Chinese 3. Only competition in Pacific is U.S. (Hawaii, Philippines)

Attacking the U.S.- Pearl Harbor U.S. stopped trading with Japan, upset with U.S. Dec. 7th, 1941: Pearl Harbor, Hawaii - Goal to destroy the U.S. AIRCRAFT CARRIERS - Carriers out to sea, they survive Surprise attack: 2,400 Americans killed and 1,000 wounded U.S. declares WAR - Roosevelt: “A day that will live in infamy” - Germany declares war on U.S

OBJ #5: The War at Home: Factories and Farms Roar Easy because there is no bombing Women take factory jobs (Rosie the Riveter) Ration Books: Coupons that limit how much of anything you can buy in one time - Shoes, Tires, Sugar, Butter, Gas - Some things not available (Panty Hose) Rosie the Riveter Poster

◦Selective Service: Draft: Men must serve if called WAC’s & WAVES- Army and Navy women serve (Pilots & Nurses)

Racism at home: Japanese-Americans: After Pearl Harbor people did not trust. Not Loyal? Spies? Japanese Internment Camps: Put Japanese into camps in America * Lost homes, jobs, businesses Roosevelt said ok People worried about another attack.

OBJ #6 Hitler’s Defeated in Europe: 1. Hitler invades Soviet Union * What about agreement? a. Soviets are being killed b. Germany strong at first, then Winter comes: Not prepared c. U.S. gives supplies and Stalin is able to push Hitler back (lost huge amounts of men) d. Hitler has to fight on both sides (Soviet Union and Great Britain)

2. The “BIG 3” is formed - Winston Churchill (Great Britain), FDR (U.S.) & Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) 3. Attack on Italy: a. Allied Powers lead attack on Italy b. Paratroopers land in Southern Italy c. Mussolini overthrown by Italians (killed and drug through street)

4. D-Day (Normandy) June 6, 1944 * Operation Overload a. Germany occupied France for 4 years (built fortress along coast) b. Allies invade France c. General Eisenhower as Commander * Wrote a letter of failure just in case d. Huge deadly attack:dropped on beach to face machine gun e. 1 million more men in France in 6 weeks

Germany’s last chance: Battle of the Bulge - Germany defeated but huge battle U.S. and Britain bomb Germany day and night - Destroys factory and supplies

6. V-E Day (Victory Europe) 1. Hitler’s suicide- April 30, Germany surrenders May 7th - Soviets capture Berlin * Start of Communism vs. Democracy Costs/ Deaths: BritainU.S. Germany Soviet Union Soldiers: 303,000322, million 3.5 million Civilians: 85, million2 million

OBJ #7: U.S. Island Hopping to defeat Japan: - General McArthur leads attacks: Japanese fight to the death: *** Kamikaze- Suicide pilots * Battle of Midway and Iwo Jima

The BOMB: Hiroshima & Nagasaki Manhattan Project:: Secret project to build Atomic Bomb Einstein told Roosevelt aboutGermany Need a way to end the war “ Japanese will fight to the death” Truman warns Japan: Total destruction

August 6, 1945: Hiroshima Enola Gay dropped ‘Little Boy’ August 9, 1945: Nagasaki “Fat Man” is dropped 110,000 killed- plus radiation deaths later

Nagasaki 2 days before the bomb Nagasaki 3 days after the bomb

Japan surrenders: Aug. 14, 1945 (V-J Day) U.S. takes over Japan and forms new government Deaths: Japan: Almost 2 million