Different Ways of Looking at the World

Different Ways of Looking at the World Difficult to keep track of - social, political, economic characteristics of each country in the world ⁂ easier to group countries using common characteristics examples include: a)“First World” b)“Developing Nation” c)“North/South Split

Developed - Developing Countries Economic development used to group countries Popular because its simple Criticism - imprecise - groups too large Not static - allows for countries to move from undeveloped to developing

Developed and Developing

North - South Most developed nations located north of equator Most developing nations located south of the equator Some countries do not fit pattern - New Zealand, Argentina and Australia ⁂ terms Temperate and Tropical may be more accurate

North & South Split

First/Second/Third World 3 world model developed in 1950’s Based on development (economic) & on political alignment Countries like Cuba, China & Vietnam did not fit Had characteristics of 2nd World & some of 3rd world

First World - Third World

Five World A compromise between accuracy and simplicity 3rd-5th Worlds describe developing countries in different stages of development 2nd World countries disappeared (with fall of communism) - some moved to 1st world and others to 3rd-5th worlds No longer fits in a world increasingly influenced by the forces of globalization

Five Worlds

New Way of Grouping Countries Core/Periphery Country Classification Consider the degree to which each country is an active participant in a globalized world

Economic Development For Grouping Countries A community’s material wealth and trade Determined by such things as: per-captia GDP, ratio of cars to people, and per- capita electrical power capacity

Social Characteristics For Grouping Countries Level of education, healthcare, life expectancy, and rate of infant mortality in a society

Political Characteristics For Grouping Countries Determined by whether country is democratic Level of corruption Presence of functional and established electoral system and rule of law Freedom House rankings - measure political rights and civil liberties Rating considered free Rating considered partly free Rating considered not free

Globalized Core (Core) Countries that have contributed significantly to and benefited greatly from globalization Countries in this group are relatively wealthy, comfortable lifestyles, advanced economies Good healthcare, live in secure environment High degree of freedom, gov’ts are generally free of corruption Eg. Canada, US, Germany, Australia, UK

Measure of Global InvolvementCanadaGermany Freedom House Rating22 Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000) GDP per capita on a PPP basis (US$) Visiting Tourists (% of population) Oil Consumption (m 3 /person/year) Human Development Index (HDI) # of McDonalds Location (per million people) Corruption-Perception Index (CPI) Internet users (per )

Measure of Global Involvement CanadaGermanyBangladeshZambia Freedom House Rating2287 Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000) GDP per capita on a PPP basis (US$) Visiting Tourists (% of population) Oil Consumption (m 3 /person/year) Human Development Index (HDI) # of McDonalds Location (per million people) Corruption-Perception Index (CPI) Internet users (per )

Less Globalized Periphery (Periphery) Poorer than the “Core” countries People have less personal security Limited political freedom and civil liberties Corruption is almost always a serious problem Eg. Bangladesh, Zambia, Congo, Kenya

In Between Countries Most countries are somewhere in between the core and periphery Makes more sense to divide the in between nations into 2 groups - lots of variation between these countries

Measure of Global Involvement MalaysiaPolandIranPhilippines Freedom House Rating82126 Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000) GDP per capita on a PPP basis (US$) Visiting Tourists (% of population) Oil Consumption (m 3 /person/year) Human Development Index (HDI) # of McDonalds Location (per million people) Corruption-Perception Index (CPI) Internet users (per )

Countries in Between Countries like Poland & Malaysia are generally members of the Core but are not at the same level as countries like Canada & Germany Not as wealthy, gov’t not as democratic As years pass becoming more like Canada and Germany ⁂ need to divide “Core” into 2 groups Old Core and New Core

Countries in Between Periphery can be divided into 2 groups as well Iran and Philippines are more advanced than countries like Bangladesh and Zambia With continued economic, social & political growth - have potential to join Core in future These countries can be called Near-Core Periphery (Periphery)

Countries in Between Countries like Bangladesh & Zambia it will take longer for these countries to become fully functioning members of the global world These countries are part of the Far Periphery

Grouping the World’s Nations