Apollo and Artemis Youthful and athletic Archery Protectors/punishers Apollo “Belvedere” 350BC

APOLLO vs ARTEMIS Flocks and shepherds Music and poetry Prophesy Colonization, Sun, light, intellect, harmony, reason Wild animals, wild nature Moon

Gaia + Uranus (Titans) Coeus + Phoebe Leto APOLLOArtemis (+ ZEUS)

Map of Cyclades Delos Birth at Delos (Homeric Hymn to Delian Apollo)

Leto and her problems giving birth - Leto’s promise to the island of Delos

The establishment of the Oracle at Delphi ( Homeric Hymn to the Delphian Apollo)

Search for a place to establish the oracular shrine: ☼ to Parnassus mountain: the slaying of the snake Pytho ☼ (Pythios Apollo, ☼ Pythia: a title for the priestesses )

The establishment of the Oracle at Delphi ( Homeric Hymn to the Delphian Apollo”) Search for priests for the temple: RA ship from Crete, transformation into a dolphin RDelphinius or Delphian Apollo (>Delphi)

Apollo at Delphi and the connection with earth goddesses 1.The oracle changes hands: From the Goddesses to Apollo 2. The flood myth- The shrine of Themis on Mt. Parnassus 3. The cult of stones at Delphi.

1. The oracle changes hands: From the Goddesses to Apollo –From the introduction of “Eumenides” by Aeschylus Pythia: “First in this prayer, I give the place of highest honour among the gods to the first prophet, Earth; and after to Themis, for she was the second to take this oracular seat of her mother… and in the third allotment, with Themis’ consent and not by force, another Titan, child of Earth, Phoebe, took her seat. She gave it to Phoebus, who has his name from Phoebe. Zeus inspired him with prophetic skill and establish him as the fourth prophet on this throne.”

Gaia + Uranus (Titans) Coeus + Phoebe Leto + Zeus APOLLO (Titan) Themis

2. The flood myth- The shrine of Themis on Mount Parnassus Deucalion’s and Pyrrha’s raft on Parnassus mountain. Themis was the guardian of the oracle. She directed them to “cast behind you your great mother’s bones” They threw the stones. Men and women sprang from the ground

3. The cult of stones at Delphi. –Two famous stones at Delphi: – Kronos’ stone – The omphalos (the navel). –Delphi as the center of the world

Myths about the omphalos Zeus’ eagles fly and meet at the center of the world: Delphi

The killing of the snake / dragon A common heroic motif –part of the Heroic quest A snake – symbol of Earth -

The Oracular shrine of Delphi  Pythia prepares herself for the holy encounter: -purification, fumes and laurel leaves, prophetic mania  Dubious answers, need interpretation (Apollo Loxias)  Delphi: A well informed State Department  Apollo as promoter of Colonization

 Daphne (metamorphosis and etiology for the laurel as symbol of Apollo) Apollo, the rejected lover

The prophet Cassandra and her tragic fate (a broken promise brings punishment) Apollo, the rejected punishing lover

NIOBE Niobe, the Queen of Thebes bragged about her fertility- Compared herself to Leto Apollo and Artemis killed all her children She was transformed into a crying rock

Comparisons of myths NIOBE and Arachne Hubris : Bragging about a skill / Comparison to a goddess Punishment Transformation

Artemis and ACTAEON A hunter who entered the forbidden territory of Artemis He saw the goddess naked. She splashed water onto him He was transformed into a stag, Torn to pieces by his hounds

Artemis-Athena punishments Artemis to Actaeon Transform him into a stag His hounds kill him Athena to Teresias Blinded him But gave him inner insight (prophetic powers) and a powerful staff

APOLLO in the ILIAD The plague god The beginning lines from book 1 It was Apollo, son of Zeus and Leto, who started the quarrel when he punished the king for his discourtesy to Chryses, his priest, by inflicting a deadly plague on his army destroying his men…

APOLLO in the ILIAD The healer The healing hymn of Apollo. End of book 1 : “So the feast went on, all day until sundown. There was music too, from the beautiful harp (lyre) played by Apollo and from the Muses, who sang in turn delightfully” Book 6, heals the Trojan Glaukus: He relieved the pain, dried the up the dark blood from the ugly wound and filled him with fresh energy

Coronis and the birth of Asclepios. Apollo’s love affair with Coronis She however chooses a mortal lover He gives birth to Asclepios Centaur Cheiron raised Asclepios Apollo, the rejected punishing lover

ASCLEPIOS, the healer  Myth on the raising of the dead and the symbol of medicine.

In the Asclepeions Sleeping in the special building in the sanctuary God appeared in a dream Often in the form of a snake

The duality of Apollo: The god of plague / the god of healing Association of the bow and the lyre