End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 1 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Value of Biodiversity 6-3 Biodiversity 71. What is biological diversity? Also called biodiversity, it is the sum total of the genetically based variety of all organisms in the biosphere. Ecosystem diversity includes the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in the living world. Species diversity is the number of different species in the biosphere. Genetic diversity is the sum total of all the different forms of genetic information carried by all organisms living on Earth today.

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 2 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Threats to Biodiversity 71. Why is biodiversity important? Biodiversity is one of Earth's greatest natural resources. Species of many kinds have provided us with foods, industrial products, and many varieties of medicines. 72. What currently threatens biodiversity? Human activity can reduce biodiversity by: altering habitats hunting species to extinction introducing toxic compounds into food webs introducing foreign species to new environments

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 3 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Threats to Biodiversity 73. What are characteristics of extinction and endangered species? Extinction occurs when a species disappears from all or part of its range. An endangered species is a species whose pop size is declining in a way that places it in danger of extinction. As the pop of an endangered species declines, the species loses genetic diversity. 74. What are characteristics of habitat alteration? When land is developed, natural habitats may be destroyed, sometimes splitting ecosystems into pieces, a process called habitat fragmentation. Smaller habitats make species more vulnerable to disturbances.

End Show Slide 4 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Define biodiversity. Why is biodiversity important? What are 2 things that currently threaten biodiversity?

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 5 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Pollution 75. How can pollution threaten biodiversity? Many forms of pollution can threaten biodiversity. One of the most serious problems occurs when toxic compounds accumulate in the tissues of organisms. For example, DDT (one of the first pesticides), is a good example of this. 76. Was DDT always considered dangerous? No, for a long time DDT was considered harmless, and it drained into rivers in low concentrations.

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 6 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Pollution 77. What 2 things make DDT hazardous? It is nonbiodegradable, which means that it cannot be broken down by organisms. Once DDT is picked up by organisms, it cannot be eliminated from their bodies (it accumulates in their cells and tissues). 78. What is biological magnification? When DDT enters food webs, it undergoes biological magnification. This happens when concentrations of a harmful substance increase in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web.

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 7 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Pollution Magnification of DDT Concentration

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 8 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Pollution Magnification of DDT Concentration

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 9 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Pollution Magnification of DDT Concentration

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 10 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Pollution Magnification of DDT Concentration

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 11 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Pollution Magnification of DDT Concentration

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 12 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Pollution Magnification of DDT Concentration

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 13 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Pollution 79. How did DDT threaten our nation’s official bird (the Bald Eagle)? The widespread use of DDT threatened pops of many animals—especially fish-eating birds like the bald eagle—with extinction.

End Show Slide 14 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall What is one of the most dangerous ways pollution can hurt biodiversity? What 2 things make DDT so dangerous? When a toxic substance accumulates in the tissues of organisms as it moves up the food chain it is called _______ _________. Biological Accumulation or Biological Magnification

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 15 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Introduced Species 80. How have introduced species affected biodiversity? Another threat to biodiversity comes from plants and animals that humans transport around the world either accidentally or intentionally. Invasive species are introduced species that reproduce rapidly because their new habitat lacks the predators that would control their population.

End Show 6-3 Biodiversity Slide 16 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Conserving Biodiversity 81. How can biodiversity be conserved? Through conservation, which is the wise management of natural resources, including the preservation of habitats and wildlife. 82. What are some conservation strategies? Many conservation efforts are aimed at managing individual species to keep them from becoming extinct. 83. What is the goal of conservation biology? Conservation efforts focus on protecting entire ecosystems as well as single species. Protecting an ecosystem will ensure that the natural habitats and the interactions of many different species are preserved at the same time.

End Show Slide 17 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall What are species called that are introduced and reproduce rapidly because their new habitat lacks the predators that would control their population? In order to conserve biodiversity, many wildlife managers focus on managing ______ ______ to keep them from becoming extinct. Conservation biologists focus on preserving ______ _______, as well as ______ _______.

End Show Slide 18 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 6-3 The type of biodiversity that includes the inheritance information carried by the Earth’s organisms is called a.biological magnification. b.ecological diversity. c.genetic diversity. d.species diversity.

End Show Slide 19 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 6-3 Populations of invasive species tend to a.decrease. b.increase rapidly. c.remain constant. d.increase, then decrease.

End Show Slide 20 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 6-3 The wise management of natural resources, including the preservation of habitats and wildlife, is known as a.biodiversity. b.conservation. c.habitat alteration. d.ecosystem diversity.

End Show Slide 21 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 6-3 By focusing on protecting specific ecosystems, biologists hope to preserve a.global biodiversity. b.biological magnification. c.invasive species. d.habitat fragmentation.

End Show Slide 22 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 6-3 In a food pyramid, biological magnification results in the a.increased amount of a toxic substance in organisms at the lowest level. b.increased amount of a toxic substance in organisms at the highest level. c.decreased number of levels in the food pyramid. d.increased amount of a toxic substance in the surrounding air or water.