How Nutrients Become You Chapter 3

1. What is your body’s source of fuel and nutrients? Nutrients from food Nutrients from food

2. What are six nutrients your body needs? Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Fats Fats Proteins Proteins Vitamins Vitamins Minerals Minerals Water Water

3. What five basic nutrient groups are compounds? Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Fats Fats Proteins Proteins Vitamins Vitamins Water Water

4. Essential nutrients from foods are used to: Build and repair body tissues Build and repair body tissues Regulate all body processes Regulate all body processes Provide energy Provide energy

5. What is the energy value of food measured in? Kilocalories Kilocalories

6. What is digestion? Process by which your body breaks down food and the nutrients in food into simpler substances Process by which your body breaks down food and the nutrients in food into simpler substances

7. What are enzymes? A type of protein produced by cells the cause specific chemical reactions A type of protein produced by cells the cause specific chemical reactions

8. What is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract? A muscular tube leading from the mouth to the anus A muscular tube leading from the mouth to the anus Helps the digestion of food Helps the digestion of food

9. Another word for chewing is: Mastication Mastication

10. What are two functions of saliva? Moistens, softens, and dissolves food Moistens, softens, and dissolves food Cleanse teeth and neutralize mouth acids Cleanse teeth and neutralize mouth acids

11. What is peristalsis and what does it do? A series of squeezing actions by the muscles in the esophagus A series of squeezing actions by the muscles in the esophagus It helps move food through the tube It helps move food through the tube

12. What is the thick lining in your stomach called? Mucosa Mucosa

13. Carbohydrates and proteins digest faster than: Fats Fats

14. What is the first, second, and last section of the small intestine, and how long are they? 1. Duodenum- 12 inches long 1. Duodenum- 12 inches long 2. Jejunum- 4 feet long 2. Jejunum- 4 feet long 3. Ileum- 5 feet long 3. Ileum- 5 feet long

15. What is bile? A digestive juice produced by the liver A digestive juice produced by the liver Aids fat digestion Aids fat digestion

16. What are the fourteen parts of the digestive system? Teeth Teeth Tongue Tongue Salivary glands Salivary glands Epiglottis Epiglottis Liver Liver Gall bladder Gall bladder Duodenum Duodenum Small intestine Small intestine Rectum Rectum Anus Anus Esophagus Esophagus Stomach Stomach Pancreas Pancreas Large intestine Large intestine

17. Solid wastes that result from digestion are: Feces Feces

18. What is the passage of nutrients from the digestive tract into the circulatory or lymphatic system? Absorption Absorption

19. All chemical changes that occur as cells produce energy and materials needed to sustain life are known as: Metabolism Metabolism

20. What is ATP? The source of immediate energy found in muscle tissue. The source of immediate energy found in muscle tissue.

21. What can lead to digestive difficulties? Emotions like: Emotions like: –Fear –Anger –Tension

22. A reaction of the immune system to some substance found in food is: Food allergy Food allergy

23. How can physical exercise improve health? Aid digestion and metabolism Aid digestion and metabolism Stimulates healthy appetite Stimulates healthy appetite Reduce stress Reduce stress Helps move food through the GI tract Helps move food through the GI tract Strengthens muscles of internal organs Strengthens muscles of internal organs Adds to your total sense of well being Adds to your total sense of well being

24. What are seven digestive orders? Diarrhea Diarrhea Constipation Constipation Indigestion Indigestion Heartburn Heartburn Ulcers Ulcers Gallstones Gallstones Diverticulosis Diverticulosis

FOOD BREAKDOWN

Step 1: in the mouth 1. Another word for chewing is mastication. 1. Another word for chewing is mastication. 2. Good food smells cause secretion of saliva. 2. Good food smells cause secretion of saliva. 3. The chemical salivary amylase helps break down food starches. 3. The chemical salivary amylase helps break down food starches.

Step 2: in the esophagus 4. Through the esophagus, food passes from the mouth to the stomach. 4. Through the esophagus, food passes from the mouth to the stomach. 5. The epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the windpipe. 5. The epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the windpipe. 6. the squeezing actions of muscles in the esophagus help food move through. This squeezing is known as peristalsis. 6. the squeezing actions of muscles in the esophagus help food move through. This squeezing is known as peristalsis.

Step 3: in the stomach 7. The stomach produces gastric juices to help digest food. 7. The stomach produces gastric juices to help digest food. 8. when these juices combine with food, the result is chyme. 8. when these juices combine with food, the result is chyme. 9. The gastric enzyme the begins to digest protein is pepsin. 9. The gastric enzyme the begins to digest protein is pepsin.

Step 4: in the small intestine 10. The small intestine has three parts the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Here, about 95% of digestion occurs. 10. The small intestine has three parts the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Here, about 95% of digestion occurs. 11. The pancreas produces enzymes that break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. 11. The pancreas produces enzymes that break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. 12. The liver produces a digestive juice called bile which aids digestion of fats. 12. The liver produces a digestive juice called bile which aids digestion of fats.

Step 5: in the large intestine 13. Another name for the large intestine is the colon. 13. Another name for the large intestine is the colon. 14. The main function of the large intestine is to prepare undigested food for elimination. 14. The main function of the large intestine is to prepare undigested food for elimination. 15. Solid wastes the result from digestion are called feces. 15. Solid wastes the result from digestion are called feces.