Federal Aviation Administration Airport Safety Technology Research & Development Given by: Robert Bassey IESALC Conference, October 19, 2015 Denver, CO

2 Federal Aviation Administration Airport Linear Source Visual Aid

3 Federal Aviation Administration Evaluation of Airport Pavement Linear Source Visual Aid PHASE ONE  Perform a search of LED linear source products available that could be considered for outdoor application on airports. PHASE TWO  Conduct a laboratory study to determine if a linear source has advantages in providing visual signal to the user compared to an array of point sources.  Identify the key parameters for optimizing this application.

4 Federal Aviation Administration Evaluation of Airport Pavement Linear Source Visual Aid PHASE THREE  Conduct simulator and field evaluation for the most promising application for the linear light source found in Phase Two, which demonstrate the potential to provide a substantially improved visual cue.  Develop a photometric equivalence between standard FAA point source lighting and a linear lighting source.

5 Federal Aviation Administration Validation Study

6 Federal Aviation Administration Evaluation of Airport Pavement Linear Source Visual Aid PHASE THREE Task 1: Conducted a simulation evaluation. (4 months)  Utilizing the FAA Technical Center’s Simulation facility.  Developing visuals  Start of test 4/15.

7 Federal Aviation Administration PHASE THREE Task 2: Conduct a field evaluation. (6 months)  Utilizing the Partnership to Enhance General Aviation Safety, Accessibility and Sustainability (PEGASAS) Center of Excellence.  Start of evaluation at Ohio State’s airport 4/15

8 Federal Aviation Administration Evaluation of Airport Pavement Linear Source Visual Aid Pictures of the linear fixtures and point sources on the ramp. Approximate distance of 350 ‐ ft.

9 Federal Aviation Administration Electrical Infrastructure Research

10 Federal Aviation Administration Issues resulting from LED implementation in the Current 6.6A Series Airfield Lighting System Added complexity and cost to the LED fixture due to the addition of electronics to mimic the non-linear dimming curve of incandescent lighting.

11 Federal Aviation Administration Architectures Tested

12 Federal Aviation Administration Roadmap Testing Phase  Alpha testing at FAATC, May 2015 –Integration including mixing of product –Fixtures will be instrumented and monitored by FAA equipment to determine performance –Identify any deficiencies, or adjustments to be made  Beta testing at PEGASAS Airport November, 2015 –Similar set up as alpha testing –Large circuit –Legacy mode will be available in case there is an issue with the circuit

The Impact of Input Power Transients on CCRs

Project Objectives  Investigate reports of CCR shutdown during a power changeover event. Make measurements on site to characterize the nature of the problems. Determine if the CCR resets and powers up after a zero voltage AC power glitch.  Determine if the anomaly is related to the technology of the CCR or the control method used internally by the CCR. Also, verify if CCRs with similar technology or control methods have the same or similar issue.

Set-up and timing measurements in process at the first airport investigation

Project Milestones Completed milestones to date –Project Plan January 2015 –Literature Review April 2015 –First airport investigationApril 2015 –Second airport investigation August 2015 Remaining milestones of the research –Complete the Investigation Phase Measurements at selected airports Discussion selected airfield lighting manufacturers –Technical Report Conclusions Recommendations

17 Federal Aviation Administration Safety Orange Visual Aids during Airport Construction

18 Federal Aviation Administration Runway Construction Signs

19 Federal Aviation Administration Taxiway or Movement Areas Construction Signs

20 Federal Aviation Administration Field Evaluation Phase - Airports TF Green State Airport (PVD) Runway 16/34 Closure for EMAS installation Reno Tahoe Airport (RNO) Ramp Project Taxiway Q pavement replacement project Newport Municipal Airport (ONP) Runway Rehabilitation Taxiway Project – Run Off Taxiway E – Slurry Seal Orlando Sanford International Airport (SFB) Apron project Midway International Airport (MDW) Taxiway K and Y resurfacing

21 Federal Aviation Administration Construction Ahead - PVD

22 Federal Aviation Administration Construction on Ramp - PDX

23 Federal Aviation Administration TORA - PDX

24 Federal Aviation Administration JFK Safety Orange Construction Signage

25 Federal Aviation Administration Installed: September 2014

26 Federal Aviation Administration Takeoff Run Available

27 Federal Aviation Administration Findings “CONSTRUCTION AHEAD” sign - Of the combined total of one hundred nine (109) respondents, 87% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that the sign was conspicuous. 88% strongly agreed or agreed that the sign was comprehensible at an adequate distance. 90% strongly agreed or agreed that the sign adequately notified them of the existing construction. “CONSTRUCTION ON RAMP” sign - Of the combined total of fifty one (51) respondents, 92% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that the sign was conspicuous. 88% strongly agreed or agreed that the sign was comprehensible at an adequate distance. 94% strongly agreed or agreed that the sign adequately notified them of the existing construction.

28 Federal Aviation Administration Findings “TORA” sign - Of the combined total of twenty seven (27) respondents, 92% agreed or strongly agreed that these signs were conspicuous; 81% agreed or strongly agreed the signs were comprehensible at an adequate distance; and 89% agreed or strongly agreed the signs adequately notified them of existing construction.

29 Federal Aviation Administration Conclusions It is advised that AC 150/ be updated to include temporary safety orange construction signage as a visual aid. Signs displaying “CONSTRUCTION ON RAMP” and “CONSTRUCTION AHEAD” are recommended to be placed at locations leading to ramps and other areas with construction activity. TORA signs be placed at the runway entrances to display the current takeoff run available. Acronym “TORA” should not be defined in the sign design. Signs should be sized at 30”H x 84” W and near side of the sign placed approximately 36 feet perpendicular to the taxiway pavement edge.

30 Federal Aviation Administration Airport Technology Research Taxiway

31 Federal Aviation Administration Project Summary Memorandum of Agreement between the FAA and DRBA –November 15, 2010 through September 30, –Grants the FAA the “right to construct, operate, and maintain research infrastructure” at the Cape May County Airport (WWD).

32 Federal Aviation Administration Project Summary

33 Federal Aviation Administration Project Summary

34 Federal Aviation Administration Design Taxiway C – Extend from Runway 10/28 to Taxiway B –50’ wide full strength –50’ shoulders

35 Federal Aviation Administration Design Electrical Vault –Install building to accommodate regulators, support equipment, staging area, and storage. Power to be provided Atlantic City Electric –Brought in from overhead lines along Fulling Mill Rd

36 Federal Aviation Administration Schedule Decision to re-bid, August 2014 Advertise – March 2015 Bid Opening – April 2015 Contract Award – June 2015 Design to Construction Meeting – July 2015 Construction – Fall 2015

37 Federal Aviation Administration Evaluation of In-pavement Light Fixture Design and Performance

38 Federal Aviation Administration Background FAA Advisory Circulars 150/ , 150/ , and 150/ , and FAA Engineering Brief No. 83 Each Address the Selection, Installation, Testing, and Maintenance of In- Pavement Light Fixture Bolted Connections. Incidents Have Occurred at Certain Airports Where In- Pavement Light Fixture Bolted Connections Have Failed. Possible Root Causes of the Bolted Connection Failures Include Improper Installation/Maintenance or Increased Impact Forces Generated by Modern Commercial Aircraft Tires.

39 Federal Aviation Administration Clamping Force Limitation Testing Testing will Include all Combinations of Light Fixtures, Bases, Bolts, and Lock Washers. Testing will Include Evaluation of Higher Strength Bolts, Including use of SAE J429 Grade 5 and Grade 8 and Type 410 Stainless Steel Bolts.

40 Federal Aviation Administration Testing of In-Pavement Light Assemblies Measure Shear Forces Generated in Assemblies Based on Known Aircraft Wheel Loads and Tire Pressures. Develop Speed Curves and Load Curves for Wheel Loads Directly Over In-Pavement Light Fixtures.

41 Federal Aviation Administration End Product Report on Calculated Maximum Shear Loads Generated by Various Aircraft. Report on Identification of In-Pavement Bolted Connections that are Able to Resist the Impact Forces Generated by Modern Commercial Aircraft.

42 Federal Aviation Administration APCH Hold/RSA Signage & Marking

43 Federal Aviation Administration APCH Hold/RSA Signage & Marking: There are inconsistencies in implementing approach hold signs, marking and procedures among the nation’s airports, causing confusion among ATC, pilots, airport operators and cert inspectors. Project Objective: Install and test new signs and markings as recommended in the Safety Risk Management Document (SRMD) from the Approach Hold Workgroup to protect other critical surfaces like RSA, approach, departure, etc.

44 Federal Aviation Administration Tested Configurations

45 Federal Aviation Administration ORD – R&D Testing Locations ORD has standard sized font, making the sign much longer than currently allowed in AC

46 Federal Aviation Administration APCH Hold/RSA Signage & Marking Study Study concluded in July total questionnaire responses among ORD, CLE, and BNA

47 Federal Aviation Administration Findings –65% of pilots and 69% of vehicle operators reported signage changes increased situational awareness –82% of pilots and 80% of vehicle operators agreed visual cues were observable at an adequate distance

48 Federal Aviation Administration Findings (cont.) –The percentage of subjects identifying that holding short was conditional on ATC instructions rose from 17% when the Pattern A marking was observed to 36% when the Pattern B marking was observed

49 Federal Aviation Administration Recommendations –Signs and markings recommended, contingent on SRMD and pilot/vehicle operator education and outreach –Signs should be installed as a pair of collocated sign units rather than a single sign to minimize impact on airport operators

50 Federal Aviation Administration Questions/Comments? Airport Linear Source Visual Aid Donald Gallagher, Electrical Infrastructure Research Constant Current Regulator Research Projects Safety Orange Visual Aids for Airport Construction Robert Bassey, Evaluation of In-pavement Light Fixture Design and Performance Joseph Breen, RSA/Approach Hold Signs and Markings Lauren Vitagliano,