APUSH Objectives and Periodization Mr. Ford

Part 1 (Period 1) – 1491-1607 Transformations of N. America 1.1 – Prior to the arrival of Europeans, native peoples in North America developed diverse social, political, and economic structures 1.2 – European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange 1.3 – Contacts among Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans challenged the worldviews of each group

Chapter 1, 1450-1600 Colliding Worlds 1.1 - Prior to the arrival of Europeans, native peoples in North America developed diverse social, political, and economic structures Settlers migrated across North America, adapting and transforming their environments as they developed diverse and complex societies 1.2 - European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange Arrival of Europeans in the W. Hemisphere resulted in demographic and social changes in the Americas, Africa and Europe

Chapter 1, 1450-1600 Colliding Worlds The Big Idea: How did the political, economic and religious systems of Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans compare, and how did things change as a result of contacts among them?

Chapter 2, 1521-1700 American Experiments 1.2 – European overseas expansion led to the Columbian Exchange Arrival of Europeans n the Western Hemisphere resulted in demographic and social changes in the Americas, Africa, and Europe European expansion into the W. Hemisphere intensified competition in Europe and promoted empire building 1.3 – Contacts among N. Americans, Africans and Europeans challenged the worldviews of each group Sustained contacts with Africans and N. Americans altered European social, political, and economic relationships N. Americans resisted assimilation and strove to maintain autonomy

Chapter 2, 1521-1700 American Experiments 2.1 – Diverse patterns of colonization developed in response to differences in goals, cultures, and the environment Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers created different models of colonization. Regional differences developed in what would become the British colonies due to environmental and geographical variations

Chapter 2, 1521-1700 American Experiments The Big Idea: In what ways did European migrants transfer familiar patterns and institutions to their colonies in the Americas, and in what ways did they create new American worlds? How did Native Americans adapt to the growing presence of Europeans among them?

Part 2 (Period 2) - 1660-1763 2.1 - Diverse patterns of colonization developed in response to differences in goals, cultures, and the environment 2.2 – Colonization intensified intercultural contact and conflict 2.3 – The political, economic, and cultural exchanges of the Atlantic World affected the development of colonial societies

Chapter 3, 1660 – 1750 The British Atlantic world 2.1 Diverse patterns of colonization developed in response to differences in goals, cultures and the environment The Atlantic slave trade developed in response to the economic, demographic and environmental needs of the British colonies Environmental and geographic variations contributed to regional differences 2.2 Colonization intensified intercultural contact and conflict Competition in the colonies between European rivals led to conflicts between native peoples and European colonists Intercultural conflict over social and cultural values contributed to cultural changes on both sides

Chapter 3, 1660 – 1750 The British Atlantic world 2.3 The political, economic and cultural exchanges of the Atlantic world affected the development of colonial societies Interactions among Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans stimulated economic growth, expanded social networks and reshaped labor systems In response to competition and colonial resistance, Britain strengthened control over its North American empire, stimulating increasing resistance from colonists, who had grown accustomed to autonomy.

Chapter 3, 1660 – 1750 The British Atlantic world The Big Idea: How did the South Atlantic System create an interconnected Atlantic World, and how did this system impact development in the British Colonies?

Chapter 4, 1720-1763 Growth, Diversity, And Conflict The Big Idea: In what ways were Britain’s American colonies affected by events across the Atlantic, and how were their societies taking on a life of their own?

Chapter 4, 1720-1763 Growth, Diversity, And Conflict 2.1 Diverse patterns of colonization developed in response to differences in goals, cultures, and the environment Environmental and geographic variations contributed to regional differences. 2.3 The political, economic, and cultural exchanges of the Atlantic world impacted the development of colonial societies The growth of the Atlantic economy created a shared labor market and exchange of colonial and European goods Anglicization in the British colonies was promoted by political and legal systems based on English models, increased commercial ties, development of a transatlantic print culture, Protestant evangelism, and the spread of Enlightenment ideas.

Chapter 4, 1720-1763 Growth, Diversity, And Conflict 2.3 The political, economic, and cultural exchanges of the Atlantic world impacted the development of colonial societies Notions of greater religious independence and evolving ideas of liberty were fueled by the political thought of the Enlightenment 3.1 Britain’s victory over France in the Great War for Empire led to new conflicts among the British, North American colonists, and Native Americans Native groups adjusted alliances with Europeans and other native peoples White-Indian conflict continued as colonists encroached on tribal lands.

Chapter 4, 1720-1763 Growth, Diversity, And Conflict The Big Idea: In what ways were Britain’s American colonies affected by events across the Atlantic, and how were their societies taking on a life of their own?

Period 3 (Part 3) 1763 – 1820 Revolution and Republican Culture 3.1 Conflicts among the British government, North American colonists, and Native Americans after the Great War for Empire culminated in the creation of the United States 3.2 Experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government challenged traditional imperial systems 3.3 Migration, cultural interactions, and competition for resources intensified conflicts over land and led to questions about a national identity.

Chapter 5, 1763-1776 The Problem with empire 3.1 Conflicts among the British government, North American colonists, and Native Americans after the Great War for Empire culminated in the creation of the United States Native groups adjusted alliances with Europeans and other native peoples A colonial independence movement emerged and war broke out as a result of British attempts to consolidate imperial control over the colonies 3.2 Experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government challenged traditional imperial systems New ideas about politics and society led to debates about religion and governance and inspired experiments with new structures of government

Chapter 5, 1763-1776 The Problem with empire The Big Idea: Consider whether the collapse of British authority in the thirteen rebellious colonies might have been avoided through compromise measures and more astute leadership. Was colonial independence inevitable, and was war the only way to achieve it?

Chapter 6, 1776-1789 Making war and Republican governments 3.1 Conflicts among the British government, North American colonists, and Native Americans after the Great War for Empire culminated in the creation of the United States British colonies united in an independence movement and war with Britain 3.2 Experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government challenged traditional imperial systems New ideas led to debates about and experiments with new structures of government American leaders wrote a new Constitution and continued debates about the balance between liberty and order Ideas promoting greater political democracy and personal liberty reverberated around the world. 3.1 Conflicts among the British government, North American colonists, and Native Americans after the Great War for Empire culminated in the creation of the United States British colonies united in an independence movement and war with Britain 3.2 Experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government challenged traditional imperial systems New ideas led to debates about and experiments with new structures of government American leaders wrote a new Constitution and continued debates about the balance between liberty and order Ideas promoting greater political democracy and personal liberty reverberated around the world.

Chapter 6, 1776-1789 Making war and Republican governments 3.3 Migration, cultural interactions, and competition for resources intensified conflicts over land and led to questions about a national identity. Regional identities were challenged by calls for a new national identity, leading to the emergence of a distinctly American culture.

Chapter 6, 1776-1789 Making war and Republican governments The Big Idea: How revolutionary was the American Revolution? What political, social, and economic changes did it produce? And what stayed the same?

Chapter 7, 1787 – 1820 Hammering out a federal Republic 3.1 Conflicts among the British government, North American colonists, and Native Americans after the Great War for Empire culminated n the creation of the United States The French Revolution fueled debate over America’s role in the world 3.2 Experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government challenged traditional imperial systems New ideas led to debates about the experiments with new structures of government American leaders wrote a new Constitution and Bill of Rights and continued debates about the balance between liberty and order Ideas promoting greater political democracy and personal liberty spread around the world

Chapter 7, 1787 – 1820 Hammering out a federal republic 3.3 Migration, cultural interactions, and competitions for resources intensified conflicts over land and led to questions about a national identity Westward expansion resulted in competition for resources, changing alliances, and cultural assimilation Government policies encouraged western expansion, intensifying conflict among Native Americans and Europeans 4.1 World’s first modern mass democracy developed in the United States; emergence of struggles to define the nation’s democratic ideals and reform its institutions Debates over federal power, states’ rights, and the authority of different branches of the federal government.

Chapter 7, 1787 – 1820 Hammering out a federal republic The Big Idea: What was required to make the United States a strong, viable, independent republic in its early years and how did debates over the Constitution shape relations between the national government and the states?

Chapter 8, 1790 – 1820 Creating a Republican Culture 3.2 Experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government challenged traditional imperial systems Ideas promoting greater political democracy and personal liberty spread around the world 3.3 Migration, cultural interactions, and competition for resources intensified conflicts over land and led to questions about a national identity. Expansion of slavery in the Lower South, and its gradual disappearance elsewhere, contributed to the development of regional identities related to attitudes toward the institution of slavery Enlightenment ideas and the independence movement promoted “republican motherhood.”

Chapter 8, 1790 – 1820 Creating a Republican Culture 4.1 World’s first modern mass democracy developed in the United States; emergence of a new national culture; and struggles to define the nation’s democratic ideals and reform its institutions Debates over federal power, states’ rights, and the authority of different branches of the federal government caused sectional tension to increase over regional differences.

Chapter 8, 1790 – 1820 Creating a Republican Culture The Big Idea In eighteenth century Europe, the leading principles were aristocracy, patriarchy, mercantilism, arranged marriages, legal privilege, and established churches. What principles would replace those societal rules in America’s new republican society?

Period 4, 1800-1860 Overlapping Revolutions 4.1 World’s first modern mass democracy developed in the United States; emergency of a new national culture; and struggles to define the nation’s democratic ideals and reform its institutions 4.2 Developments in technology, agriculture, and commerce led to changes in settlement patterns, regional identities, gender and family relations and political power 4.3 Government policy shaped by interest in expanding trade and national borders.

Chapter 9, 1800-1860 Transforming the Economy 4.1 World’s first modern mass democracy developed in the United States; emergency of a new national culture; and struggles to define the nation’s democratic ideals and reform its institutions Americans debated the government’s role in the economy While Americans embraced a new national culture, various groups developed distinctive cultures of their own. 4.2 Developments in technology, agriculture, and commerce led to changes in settlement patterns, regional identities, gender and family relations and political power A global market led to dramatic shifts in the nature of agriculture and manufacturing Regional economic specialization shaped settlement patterns and the economy The Market Revolution had significant effects on migration, gender and family relations, and the distribution of political power.

Chapter 10, 1800-1844 A Democratic Revolution 4.1 World’s first modern mass democracy developed in the United States; emergency of a new national culture; and struggles to define the nation’s democratic ideals and reform its institutions Debates over federal power, states’ rights and the authority of different branches of the federal government 4.2 Developments in technology, agriculture, and commerce led to changes in settlement patterns, regional identities, gender and family relations and political power The Market Revolution had significant effects of migration, gender and family relations, and distribution of political power

Chapter 10, 1800-1844 A Democratic Revolution 4.3 Government policy shaped by interest in expanding trade and national borders. Policymakers aimed at dominating the North American continent Various individuals and groups initiated, supported, and/or resisted expansion of territory and/or government powers. Westward expansion gave rise to debates and compromises over the extension of slavery.

Chapter 10, 1800-1844 A Democratic Revolution The Big Idea: What were the main features of the Democratic Revolution, and what role did Andrew Jackson play in its outcome?

Period 5, 1844-1877 Creating and Preserving a Nation 5.1 An expansionist foreign policy connected the United States to the world and made it a destination for migration 5.2 Debates over slavery and other economic, cultural and political issues led to civil war 5.3 Unions victories in the Civil War and Reconstruction settled the slavery issue and secession, but questions remained about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights 6.1 The rise of big business encouraged large scale migrations, urbanization, and new efforts to reshape the environment and the economy 6.2 An emerging industrial culture led to both opportunities and restrictions for immigrants, minorities, and women

Chapter 13, 1844-1860 Expansion, War and sectional crisis 5.1 An expansionist foreign policy connected the United States to the world and made it a destination for migration A desire for territorial expansion resulted in war, the creation of new markets, temporary acquisition, and ideological conflicts. Westward expansion, increased migration, and the end of slaery shaped boundaries, and led to conflict 5.2 Debates over slavery and other economic, cultural and political issues led to civil war Sectionalism intensified Attempts at political compromise failed to calm tensions over slavery, leading to the secession of southern states after the election of 1860.

Identify the big idea What were the causes of the Mexican War, and in what ways did it bring about a growing sectional crisis during the 1850s?

Chapter 14, 1861-1865 Two Societies at war 5.2 Debates over slavery and other economic, cultural, and political issues led to civil war Attempts at political compromise field to calm tensions over slavery, leading to the secession of southern states after the election of 1860 5.3 Union victory in the Civil War and Reconstruction settled the slavery issue and secession, but questions remained about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights The Union defeated the Confederacy in the Civil War The Thirteenth Amendment ended slavery

Chapter 14, 1861-1865 Two Societies at war The Big Idea: How did the military and political goals of the war bring significant changes to social, economic, and cultural life?

Chapter 15, 1865-1877 Reconstruction 5.3 Union victory in the Civil War and Reconstruction settled the slavery issue and secession, but questions remained about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights. Altered relationships between the states and the federal government and among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Constitutional changes led to conflicts over northern definitions of citizenship for African Americans, women, and other minorities

Chapter 15, 1865-1877 Reconstruction The Big Idea: What goals did Republican policy-makers, ex- Confederates, and freed people pursue during Reconstruction? To what degree did each succeed?

Chapter 16, 1854-1890 Conquering a continent 6.1 The rise of big business encouraged large scale migration, urbanizations, and new efforts to reshape the environment and the economy Westward migration, new farming and transportation technologies, and economic unrest led to conflict. 6.2 An emerging industrial culture led to both opportunities and restrictions for immigrants, minorities and women Transcontinental railroads intensified westward migration, threatening the culture, identity, and very existence of Native Americans

Chapter 16, 1854 – 1890 Conquering a continent The Big Idea: How did US policy makers seek to stimulate the economy and integrate the trans-Mississippi west into the nation, and how did this affect people living there?

Period 6, 1877-1917 Industrialized America: Upheavals and Experiments 6.1 The rise of big business encouraged large-scale migrations, urbanization, and new efforts to reshape the environment and the economy 6.2 An emerging industrial culture led to both opportunities and restrictions for immigrants, minorities, and women 6.3 New cultural and intellectual movements emerged along side debates over economic and social policies 7.1 Governmental, political and social organizations struggled to address societal and economic issues related to industrialization, urbanization, and mass migrations.

Chapter 17, 1877-1911 Industrial America: Corporations and conflicts 6.1 The rise of big business encouraged large-scale migrations, urbanization, and new efforts to reshape the environment and the economy Large-scale production created a “Gilded Age” characterized by a national consumer culture, marketing, and business consolidation. Business and government leaders were challenged by demographic changes, regional differences, and labor movements Westward migrations, new farming and transportation technologies, and economic unrest led to conflict.

Chapter 17, 1877-1911 Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts 6.2 An emerging industrial culture led to both opportunities and restrictions for immigrants, minorities, and women International and internal migrations increased populations in urban and rural areas, heightening inequities and inspiring reform efforts. 6.3 New cultural and intellectual movements emerged along side debates over economic and social policies Politics was tied to big business and focused on national economic issues, leading to calls for reform The social order was challenged by new cultural and intellectual movements.

Chapter 17, 1877-1911 Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts The Big Idea: What new opportunities and risks did industrialization bring, and how did it reshape American society?

Chapter 18, 1880-1917 The Victorians make the modern 6.1 The rise of big business encouraged large-scale migrations, urbanization, and new efforts to reshape the environment and the economy Westward migration, new farming and transportation technologies, and economic unrest led to conflict. 6.2 An emerging industrial culture led to both opportunities and restrictions for immigrants, minorities, and women International and internal migrations increased population in urban and rural areas, heightened inequities and inspiring reform efforts 6.3 New cultural and intellectual movements emerged along side debates over economic and social policies The social order was challenged by new cultural and intellectual movements

Chapter 18, 1880-1917 The Victorians make the modern The Big Idea: How did the changes wrought by industrialization shape Americans’ identities, beliefs, and cultures?

Chapter 19: “Civilization’s Inferno”: The Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1800 - 1917 6.1 The rise of big business encouraged large-scale migrations, urbanization, and new efforts to reshape the environment and the economy Large-scale production created a “gilded age” characterized by a national consumer culture, marketing, and business consolidation 6.2 An emerging industrial culture led to both opportunities and restrictions for immigrants, minorities, and women International and internal migrations increased population and urban and rural areas heightened inequities and inspiring reform efforts 6.3 New cultural and intellectual movements emerged along side debates over economic and social policies Gilded Age politics were tied to big business and focused on national economic issues, leading to calls for reform

Chapter 19: “Civilization’s Inferno”: The Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1800 - 1917 7.1 The struggle to address societal and economic issues related to industrialization, urbanization, and mass migration Progressive reformers called for federal legislation, greater social justice, and expanded democracy to address inequality and corruption The Big Idea: How did the rise of large cities shape American society and politics?

Chapter 20, 1880-1917 Whose government Chapter 20, 1880-1917 Whose government? Politics, populists, progressives 6.1 The rise of big business encouraged large-scale migrations, urbanization, and new efforts to reshape the environment and the economy Business and government leaders were challenged by demographic changes, regional differences and labor movements 6.3 New cultural and intellectual movements emerged along side debates over economic and social policies Gilded Age politics were tied to big business and focused on national economic issues, leading to calls for reform.

Chapter 20, 1880-1917 Whose government Chapter 20, 1880-1917 Whose government? Politics, populists, progressives 7.1 Governmental, political and social organizations struggled to address societal and economic issues related to industrialization, urbanization and mass migration Continued growth and consolidation of large corporation spurred economic growth amid episodes of increasingly severe market instability Progressive reformers called for federal legislation, greater social justice, and expanded democracy to address inequality and corruption

Chapter 20, 1880-1917 Whose government Chapter 20, 1880-1917 Whose government? Politics, populists, progressives The Big Idea: In the progressive era, how and why did reformers seek to address the problems of industrial America? To what extend did they succeed?

Period 7, 1890-1945 Domestic and Global challenges 7.1 Organizations struggled to address the effects of large- scale industrializations, the Great Depression, and related social changes. 7.2 A revolution in technology helped to create a new mass culture and “modern” values amid increasing cultural conflicts 7.3 Global conflicts led to debates over the US’ increasingly dominant role in the world.

Chapter 21, 1890-1918 An emerging world power 7.2 A revolution in technology helped to create a new mass culture and “modern” values amid increasing cultural conflicts Wartime tensions and xenophobia led to legislation restricting immigration World War I and II contribute to increased migration, both internally and to the United States 7.3 Global conflicts led to debates over the US’ increasingly dominant role in the world. American expansionism led to overseas involvement and acquisitions in the Western Hemisphere and the Pacific World War I increased debates over the proper role of the United States in the world

Chapter 21, 1890-1945 An emerging world power The Big Idea: As the United States became a major power on the world stage, what ideas and interests did policymakers seek to promote in international affairs?

Chapter 22, 1919-1932 Cultural conflict, bubble, and bust 7.2 A revolution in technology helped to create a new mass culture and “modern” values amid increasing cultural conflicts New technologies benefitted many but also contributed to political and cultural conflicts. Wartime tensions and xenophobia led to legislation restricting immigration. World War I and II contributed to increased migration, both internally and to the United States 7.3 Global conflicts led to debates over the US’ increasingly dominant role in the world. World War I increased debates over proper role of the United States in the world.

Chapter 22, 1919-1945 Cultural conflict, bubble, and bust The Big Idea: What conflicts in culture and politics arose in the 1920s, and how did economic developments in that decade help cause the Great Depression?

Chapter 23, 1929-1939 Managing the Great Depression, forging the new deal 7.1 Organizations struggled to address the effects of large- scale industrializations, the Great Depression, and related social changes. Large corporations dominated the US economy and transformed society amid increasing market instability In response to the Great Depression, the US was transformed into a limited welfare state.

Chapter 23, 1929-1939 Managing the great depression, forging the new deal The Big Idea: What new roles did the American government take on during the New Deal, and how did these roles shape the economy and society?

Chapter 24, 1937-1945 The world at war 7.3 Global conflicts led to debates over the US’ increasingly dominant role in the world. World War II transformed society and the position of the United States in the world

Chapter 24, 1937-1945 The World at war The Big Idea: How did World War II transform the United States domestically and change its relationship with the world?

Period 8: The Modern state and the age of liberalism, 1945-1980 8.1 The US assumed a position of global leadership in the postwar period, with domestic and international consequences 8.2 Liberalism reached its apex, generating a variety of political and cultural responses 8.3 Postwar economic, demographic and technological changes had a far-reaching impact on America

Chapter 25, 1945-1963 Cold war america 8.1 The US assumed a position of global leadership in the postwar period, with domestic and international consequences The US attempted to contain communism, stabilize the world’s economy, and create an international security system The US faced decolonization, shifting international alignments, and other complex issues Cold War policies led to public debates over the power of the federal government, the means for pursuing goals, and the balance between liberty and order.

Chapter 25, 1945-1963 Cold war america The Big Idea: In the first 2 decades of the Cold War, how did competition on the international stages and a climate of fear at home affect politics, society and culture in the United States?

Chapter 26, 1945-1963 Triumph of the Middle class 8.2 Liberalism reached its apex, generating a variety of political and cultural responses Activists sought to address inequalities in American society Liberalism was attacked by the left and by resurgent conservatives. 8.3 Postwar economic, demographic, and technological changes had a far- reaching impact on America Rapid economic and social changes fostered optimism and concern about their effect on American values Many sought prosperity even as critics called for the conservation and protection of resources New demographic and social issues led to political and moral debates that divided the nation.

Chapter 26, 1945-1963 Triumph of the Middle class The Big Idea: Why did consumer culture become such a fixture of American life in the postwar decades, and how did it affect politics and society?