Calculating a CO 2 Inventory for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Federal Environmental Symposium – East Kim Fowler Senior Research Engineer Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PNNL-SA-64071

$1.1 billion in 2008 sales > 4,100 staff > 2 million sq foot campus in Richland PNNL at a Glance We deliver solutions to America's most intractable problems in energy, national security and the environment. Through the power of our interdisciplinary teams, we advance science and technology to make the world a better place. 2 Washington, D.C.

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Why are we Concerned with PNNL’s Carbon Footprint? Support PNNL’s research in carbon management science, technology, and policy Commitment to a Sustainable PNNL Better understand our climate risk associated with CO 2 cap-and-trade legislation Avoid costs through efficiency gains Walking the Talk 4

PNNL has Taken Significant Steps to Manage Aspects of our Carbon Footprint Building energy use has been reduced 43% since FY1985 and industrial and laboratory facilities energy use has been reduced 46% since FY1990 Purchase of renewable energy credits (RECs) equal to 12.3% of total electricity in FY2007, surpassing DOE goal of 7.5% by 2010 Large-scale boilers and back-up generators use Biodiesel-10 fuel in some facilities Bus service to PNNL campus was added in 2008 and staff were offered discounted bus passes 5

Approach to Assessing PNNL’s CO 2 Inventory Secure management support, establish team, define inventory boundaries, and select appropriate calculation tools Collect data and calculate carbon contribution areas Identify emissions reduction opportunities, select base year, and decide on target level Implement emissions reduction activities Purchase carbon offsets for remaining emissions we can’t yet reduce directly Report inventory annually and document progress toward emissions goals Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report Adapted from Hot Commerce, Cool Climate by World Resources Institute 6

GHG Accounting: Scopes 1, 2, and 3 Source: World Resources Institute Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report 7

Define Inventory Boundaries Areas included in PNNL’s carbon inventory Business Travel (Air and Car Rental) Employee Commuting Upstream EmissionsDownstream EmissionsCorporate Emissions PNNL Fleet Vehicles Production of Electricity Consumed On-site Fuel Combustion (NG, propane) Waste Transportation and Disposal Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report Direct Other Indirect Indirect Electricity 88

Collect Data Data provided by members of environmental management team, others Electricity – kWh consumed by building RECs – kWh of RECs purchased Natural gas/propane use – total therms / gallons by building Fleet vehicle fuel use – total gallons for fleet Business travel – estimated miles traveled by air and rental car gas receipts from travel expense reporting system Employee commuting – conservative estimate of “typical” employee Waste/Recycling – estimated total pounds by waste category (e.g., office paper, cardboard, mixed plastics) Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report 9

PNNL 2007 CO 2 Inventory Category of Emissions 2007 CO 2 Emissions (metric tons)Description Direct8,717Nat Gas/Propane 446Fleet Vehicles Subtotal9,163 Indirect from Purchased Electricity2,798 Consumption of Purchased Electricity (339)REC Purchases Subtotal2,459 Other Indirect14,441Business Travel 9,190Employee Commuting 786Solid Waste Disposal Subtotal24,418 Total CO 2 Emissions36,378 Net CO 2 Emissions36,039 Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report 10

PNNL 2007 CO 2 Inventory 23,543 domestic trips 3,203 international trips 90.4 million kWh Cost >$4.2M 1.5M therms nat gas Cost $1.40M 1,036,101 gallons fuel per year 11 Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report

PNNL 2007 CO 2 Inventory 12 Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report

Different Grid Emission Factors Convey Different Risk Levels Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report 13

Implement Emissions Reduction Activities Encourage tele/video/web conferencing, by offering training and easy access to equipment Charge carbon offsets for travel to project / overhead account budget 14 Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report Business Travel (Air and Car Rental) Examples of strategies being considered

Implement Emissions Reduction Activities Encourage use of alternatives to single-occupancy car transport: Education campaign on alternatives and their benefits Support expansion and use of local carpooling/ridesharing and vanpool programs Provide campus-wide ride support with electric vehicles to minimize personal vehicle needs at work Offer financial incentives to employees who utilize alternative methods of commuting 15 Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report Employee Commuting Examples of strategies being considered

Implement Emissions Reduction Activities Optimize operations for the size and type of boiler Tune boiler for optimal fuel-oxygen ratio Reduce demand Ensure outside air dampers working correctly Install CO2 sensors for ventilation rate control Reduce infiltration (e.g. better sealing of doors) 16 Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report On-site Fuel Combustion (NG, propane) Examples of strategies being considered

Implement Emissions Reduction Activities Increase energy efficiency of data centers by partnering with IT Deploy onsite power sources (e.g. renewable and hydrocarbon-based technologies) Encourage employees to turn off equipment and lights when not in use 17 Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report Production of Electricity Consumed Examples of strategies being considered

Offset the Balance with Carbon Credits Carbon credits are investments in projects outside of an organization’s boundaries that sequester or reduce CO 2 equivalent levels in the atmosphere PNNL is considering off-setting some of its “unavoidable” emissions through purchase of carbon credits Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report 18

Track and Report Progress Track progress against carbon management goals using existing management systems with some additional data requirements Verify accuracy of reported information Report inventory and progress towards goals annually To senior management Possibly to a public registry (e.g., The Climate Registry) Evaluate effectiveness of different reduction strategies and adapt Design Calculate Target Reduce Offset Report 19

Questions? Kim M. Fowler Kathleen Judd Tel: