1 Metric Units in Microbiology Micrometer (µm) m Nanometer (nm) m

2 Light Properties Wavelength Resolution Reflection Transmission Absorption Refraction

3 Light Microscopy Types Compound Bright Field –Ocular lenses –Objective lenses –Total magnification Dark Field –Image appearance –Diagnostic uses:

4 Microscopy – Phase Contrast Dual Beam Differential Interference Contrast –(Nomarski) –High resolution –Shallow depth of field

5 Microscopy - Fluorescence Fluorescence –Ultraviolet light –Fluorochrome –FAB Confocal –Computer assisted

6 Microscopy Imaging Digital

7 Electron Microscopy Transmission (TEM) Scanning (SEM) Scanning Tunneling (STM)

8 Microscopy Techniques Wet Mounts Smears Staining

9 Gram Stain Differential Stain CV-I complex Diagnostic importance

10 Specialty Stains Acid Fast Stain Mycobacterium species –Mycolic acid Negative Stain Capsule –Virulence factor

11 Endospore Stain Clostridium Bacillus