Progressive Movement

Definition A Reform Effort to A Reform Effort to  Restore Economic Opportunies  Correct Injustices  Make Gov’t more responsible to the People.

I. Four Goals of Progressivism

A. Social Welfare

B. Moral Improvement

C. Economic Reform

D. Efficiency

Extra: Characteristics of a Progressive Late 1800’s Late 1800’s Often Didn’t Agree Often Didn’t Agree Had at least one of the Had at least one of the 4 Goals.

A. Social Welfare 1. Social Gospel and Settlement Houses continued and inspired 1. Social Gospel and Settlement Houses continued and inspired 2. YMCA:libraries/classes/pools 2. YMCA:libraries/classes/pools 3. Salvation Army: soup kitchens/ nurseries/ slum brigades-middle class values 3. Salvation Army: soup kitchens/ nurseries/ slum brigades-middle class values

Social Welfare continued 4. Florence Kelley: wanted to help women and children. a. Inspector for factories in Illinois b. Illinois Factory Act 1893/ limited hours and prohibited child labor

B. Moral Improvement 1. Wanted improved personal behavior 2. Prohibition-alcohol undermines American morals 3. Women’s Christian Temperance Movement 4. Francis Willard, Carry Nation, Anti-Saloon League 5. Besides prohibition, opened kindergartens and visited inmates in prisons and asylums

C. Economic Reform 1. Questioned Capitalism 2. Eugene Debs: American Socialists Party Uneven balance between big business, government, ordinary people. 4. Muckrakers: Journalists who exposed corruption. 5. Ida Tarbell:Standard Oil Company/Rockefeller

D. Efficiency 1. Frederick Winslow Taylor: Scientific Management: using time and motion studies to improve efficiency. 2. Henry Ford: Assembly line; eight hour day; five dollars a day

II. Cleaning Up Local Government

B. Protecting Child Workers Louis Brandeis: Oregon law to limit women to a ten hour day Louis Brandeis: Oregon law to limit women to a ten hour day Brandeis Brief: Used data from social scientists to argue case. Brandeis Brief: Used data from social scientists to argue case.

B. Protecting Child Workers continued National Child Labor Committee- National Child Labor Committee- sent investigators to gather evidence Keating Owens Act- Keating Owens Act- prohibited the transportation across state lines of goods produced with child labor Muller v. Oregon- Muller v. Oregon- women to a ten- hour workday Workmans Compensation-1902.

A. Local Government 1. Hazen Pingree: Reform Mayor of Detroit, Michigan 2. Tom Johnson: Reform Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio 3. New forms of government: council or manager. 4. Public ownership of Utilities

III. Reform at the State Level III. Reform at the State Level

A. Reform Governors Robert La Follette Robert La Follette Laws regulating big business like the Railroads Laws regulating big business like the Railroads

C. Reforming Elections 1. William S. U’Ren- 1. William S. U’Ren- adopt the secret ballot 2. Secret Ballot-Australian Ballot 3. Initiative- 3. Initiative- originated by the people 4. Referendum- 4. Referendum- vote on the initiative 5. Recall- 5. Recall- remove public officials from elected positions

D. DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS th Amendment th Amendment- popular election of senators