COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE & OPERATIONS I Instructor: Yaohang Li

Review Last Class MIPS Instructions This Class Midterm Review Next Class Midterm

Important CS Laws Moore’s Law Amdahl’s Law

Measuring Performance Performance and Execution Time Relative Performance (speedup) CPI and CPU time

Performance Summary Performance depends on Algorithm: affects IC, possibly CPI Programming language: affects IC, CPI Compiler: affects IC, CPI Instruction set architecture: affects IC, CPI, T c The BIG Picture

Numbers in Computers 0s and 1s Bits, Bytes, Words Most Significant Bit and Least Significant Bit Big Endian and Little Endian Conversion Decimal -> Binary Binary -> Decimal Binary -> Hexadecimal Hexadecimal -> Binary

Arithmetic Unsigned Integers Signed Integers Sign bit 1’s Complement 2’s Complement Addition and Subtraction Subtraction is actually Addition if 2’s complement is used

Basic Boolean Logic NOT, AND, OR Precedence () NOT AND OR Truth Table Build a Truth Table Build Canonical Form based on a Truth Table Don’t Care

Boolean Logic Laws Identity Law Zero and One Law Inverse Law Commutative Law Associative Law Distributive Law De Morgan’s Law

Gates NOT, AND, OR Gates Design Combinational Logics using NOT, AND, OR Gates Other Gates NAND NOR XOR

Important Units Decoder Multiplexor PLA and ROM Adder

ALU Functions in ALU AND OR ADD and SUB Set on Less Than NOR 32-bit ALU Overflow Detection ALU Control Signals Fast Carry Look-ahead

Memory Elements Computer Clock Synchronous System Flip-Flops Latches

Register Files Registers Register Files Read Write

CPU Overview

Summary Computer Performance CPI CPU Time Numbers in the Computer Boolean Logic Gates ALU Register Files

What I want you to do Prepare for your Midterm