2006 George R. Wiggans Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD USDA Genetic.

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2006 George R. Wiggans Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD USDA Genetic Evaluations for Type Traits

ADGA 2006 (2) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Type Traits  Describe physical characteristics of animal  Final Score (overall assessment)  Scored  Linear traits (13 traits)  Scored 1-50

ADGA 2006 (3) G.R. Wiggans 2006 History of Type Evaluations  1986 – Sire model for final score  1988 – Collection of linear traits  1989 – Sire model for linear traits  1995 – Multi-trait animal model  2000 – Base change  2005 – Base change

ADGA 2006 (4) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Numbers of Appraisals of Does Alpine8881, ,3681,0611,2541,185 Nubian1,0991, ,3451,1611,1731,330 Toggenburg LaMancha Saanen Oberhasli Experimental Sable Total3,6924,4083,6124,9814,3944,593 5,238

ADGA 2006 (5) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Appraisals for Does in 2005 (n=4,593) TraitMeanSDMinMax Final score Stature Strength Dairyness Teat diameter Rear legs Rump angle Rump width Fore udder attachment Rear udder height Rear udder arch Udder depth Suspensory ligament Teat placement

ADGA 2006 (6) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Evaluation model  An equation that indicates what factors contribute to an observation  Separates the genetic component from other factors  Solutions used to predict the genetic potential of progeny

ADGA 2006 (7) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Type Evaluation Model MODEL:y = h + a + p + e y = Adjusted type record h = Herd appraisal date a = Animal genetic effect (breeding value) p = Permanent environment Non-genetic effect common to all a doe's appraisals e = Unexplained residual

ADGA 2006 (8) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Multi-trait Model  Scores from one trait affect the evaluation of other traits through the genetic correlations

ADGA 2006 (9) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Genetic Correlations Final ScoreStrengthDairyness Fore Udder Attachment Final Score Strength Dairyness F. Udder Att.1.00

ADGA 2006 (10) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Genetic Parameters  Heritability – Portion of variation due to genetics  Repeatability – Similarity of repeated records, includes genetic and permanent environmental effects

ADGA 2006 (11) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Heritability and Repeatability

ADGA 2006 (12) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Genetic Change per year from does born 1990 – 2003 TraitTrendR2R2 Rear legs Rear udder height Udder depth Fore udder attachment Rear udder arch Final score Dairyness Rump width Teat diameter Strength Suspensory ligament Teat placement Rump angle Stature

ADGA 2006 (13) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Breeding value trend for type

ADGA 2006 (14) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Herds for Bucks Born 1999 – 2003 (n=2,451)

ADGA 2006 (15) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Daughters for Bucks Born 1999 – 2003 (n=2,451)

ADGA 2006 (16) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Distribution of Reliability for Final Score

ADGA 2006 (17) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Methods of Expressing evaluations  Estimated breeding value (EBV)  Animal’s own genetic value  Predicted transmitting ability (PTA)  ½ EBV  Expected contribution to progeny

ADGA 2006 (18) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Combining type and production Production-Type index(PTI)  Combines yield and type evaluations into a single value  There are 2 versions:  PTI 2:1, weights 2 production : 1 type  PTI 1:2, weights 2 type : 1 production

ADGA 2006 (19) G.R. Wiggans 2006 AIPL web services #GoatsTBL  Queries provide display of:  Pedigree information  Yield records  Herd test characteristics  Genetic evaluations of does & bucks  Yield  Type  Access information using:  ID number  Animal name  Herd code

ADGA 2006 (20) G.R. Wiggans

ADGA 2006 (21) G.R. Wiggans

ADGA 2006 (22) G.R. Wiggans

ADGA 2006 (23) G.R. Wiggans

ADGA 2006 (24) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Summary  Type data contributes to genetic evaluations of Final Score and 13 linear traits  Multi-trait Animal Model combines information from all relatives and traits  Few bucks have many daughters in many herds so reliability is low  Production-type index combines evaluations  Substantial genetic progress is occurring in several traits