1. 2002 George R. Wiggans Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD wiggans@aipl.arsusda.gov USDA Dairy Goat Genetic Evaluation Program Status and Plans

2. ADGA 2002 (2) G.R. Wiggans 2002 USDA Dairy Goat Evaluations Evaluations for milk, fat, protein, and type Yield evaluations in July Type evaluations in December Evaluations provided to ADGA, DRPC, and publicly via the internet

3. ADGA 2002 (3) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Data Flow FARM COMPONENT TEST LAB DRPC Center Data Sent to AIPL DRMS – NCDaily DHI-Provo – UTDaily Agri-Tech – CA2x/week AgSource – WIWeekly Texas DHIA – TXMonthly AIPL ADGA INTERNET Milk Data collected monthly DHIA

4. ADGA 2002 (4) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Does Contributing Data from Test Day Nearest June 30 th, 2002 Does Contributing Data from Test Day Nearest June 30 th, 2002 By Processing Center CenterHerdsDoesPercent of Does DRMS – NC159275737.2 Penna.10761.0 DHIA-Provo179246333.2 Agri-Tech2879410.7 AgSource2674910.1 Texas DHIA785767.8 Total4807415

5. ADGA 2002 (5) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Most Frequent Errors Most Frequent Errors For Kiddings in 2002 Error codeDescriptionNumber Percent of total errors 7ma No matching herd test date 120218.4 2Gf Sire ID different from ADGA 94414.5 3Gf Dam ID different from ADGA 92814.2 0Ba More than 1 pedigree difference 91013.9 1Da Invalid doe breed code 6109.3 7Aa No test days 4196.4 5Bc Birthdate does not match ADGA 3916.0 1Dc Letter in ID where not allowed 2894.4 2Fd Sire ID already in master file as doe 1912.9

6. ADGA 2002 (6) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Genetic Improvement Program Phenotype = Genotype + Environment Genetic improvement programs only change genotype Heritability is the portion of total variation due to genetics Rate of genetic improvement determined by  generation interval  selection intensity  heritability

7. ADGA 2002 (7) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Issues Affecting Value of Data Completeness of ID and parentage reporting Years herd on test Size of herd Frequency of testing and component determination

8. ADGA 2002 (8) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Evaluation Calculation Goal  predict productivity of progeny Method  separate genetic component from other factors influencing evaluated traits All relationships are considered  bucks receive evaluations from the records on their female relatives

9. ADGA 2002 (9) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Yield Evaluation Model MODEL:y = hys + hs + pe + a + e y = yield of milk, fat, or protein during a lactation hys = herd-year-season - accounts for environmental effects common to does kidding in the same herd in the same season hs = herd-sire - effect common to daughters of a buck in the same herd pe = permanent environment - effect common to all a doe's lactations that is not genetic a = animal genetic effect (breeding value) e = unexplained residual

10. ADGA 2002 (10) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Type Evaluation Model MODEL:y = h + a + p + e y = adjusted type record h = herd appraisal date a = animal genetic effect (breeding value) p = permanent environment - effect common to all a doe's lactations that is not genetic e = unexplained residual Multi-trait evaluation allows scores from one trait to affect the evaluation of another trait through the genetic correlations among the traits.

11. ADGA 2002 (11) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Recent Type Appraisal Data 1998199920002001 Alpine1293105010721341 Nubian1393128613191299 Toggenburg592587473672 LaMancha875635719667 Saanen426459389659 Oberhasli370217254323 Experimental253197191269

12. ADGA 2002 (12) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Type Trait Genetic Correlations Final ScoreStrengthDairyness Fore Udder Attachment Final Score1.00.30-.15.66 Strength.301.00-.51.15 Dairyness-.15-.511.00-.16 F. Udder Att..66.15-.161.00

13. ADGA 2002 (13) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Accuracy of Evaluations Number of does kidding in same hys more records  better estimate of hys effect Number of bucks with daughters having records in same hys more direct comparisons  better ranking of bucks Number of lactation records Number of daughters Accuracy of pedigree data

14. ADGA 2002 (14) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Longevity Evaluation Longevity Evaluation Dairy Cattle Program Productive Life (PL)  Number of months in milk up to: 10mo per lactation 84mo in age  Estimated for cows still in milk  Reliability increased using correlated traits: type composites yield traits

15. ADGA 2002 (15) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Longevity Genetic Correlations Longevity Genetic Correlations Dairy Cattle Program Trait Longevity Correlation Milk.13 Fat.12 Protein.15 Somatic Cell Score-.35 Udder Composite.30 Feet and Legs Composite.19 Size Composite-.04 Fertility (Pregnancy Rate).59

16. ADGA 2002 (16) G.R. Wiggans 2002 AIPL Web Services http://aipl.arsusda.gov/query/public/tdb.shtml#GoatsTBL Queries provide display of:  pedigree information  yield records  herd test characteristics  genetic evaluations of does & bucks yield Type Access information using:  ID number  animal name  herd code

17. Get goat pedigree and yield information http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=shgoat&single

18. Get goat pedigree and yield information - output

19. Get yield and type evaluation http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=getbuck&single

20. Get yield and type evaluation - output

21. Get goat error records by herd - output http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=goatherderr&single

22. Get goat error records by herd - output

23. ADGA 2002 (23) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Additional AIPL Web Resources http://aipl.arsusda.gov/docs/goatsfs.html Documentation of evaluation process  Data requirements  Statistical models  Trait definitions http://aipl.arsusda.gov/links.html Links to other resources including DHI, DRPC, and ADGA

24. ADGA 2002 (24) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Recent Changes New web query for accessing data by animal name Yield data since 1998 extracted from the master file each run  incorporates corrections, deletions, and ID changes

25. ADGA 2002 (25) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Future Plans Move calculations of goat evaluations to new computer  Possible use of dairy cattle programs Add Productive Life and somatic cell score evaluations for goats  Value to producers  Staff resources required

26. ADGA 2002 (26) G.R. Wiggans 2002 Test Day Model Test day replaces lactation yield in evaluation model Advantages  Improved accounting of environmental effect  Allows for genetic differences in persistency and rate of maturity Impeded by Cornell Research Foundation Patent  Currently challenged in Canada and EU  No licensing agreement has been reached