A glimpse into the lives and accomplishments of three men who influenced American education: William C. Bagley = Essentialist Carl Rogers = Humanist Mortimer Adler = Perrenialist

 Development of teacher education  Educative Process  Kappa Delta Pi  Journal of Educational Psychology  Determinism in Education  Professor of Education, Normal School Administration Teachers College, Columbia University   1895 – Graduated from Michigan Agricultural University  1898 – Master’s Degree in Psychology  1900 – Ph.D. in Education and Psychology from Cornell University

 Critic and Supporter of John Dewey’s - Progressive Education Theory  Popularized the term “Essentialism”  The importance of the curriculum  The teachers role in education  Advocated a moderate, balanced approach to education Professor of education for nearly 50 years Authored and coauthored more than 30 books Published more than 400 journal articles and editorials

 1924 – Bachelors Degree from University of Wisconsin  1928 – Masters Degree, 1931 – Ph.D. from Teachers College, Columbia University  Developed Student-centered Learning:  Focus on the needs of the student  Student determines the course, speed and duration of learning  We cannot teach another person directly we can only facilitate his learning  Students need to be active, responsible participants in their own learning

 Focus on the relationship between the teacher and the student  Student assessment – learning and motivation  Established Center of Studies of the Person  He wrote 16 books and more than 200 professional articles Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with national intergroup conflict in South Africa and Northern Ireland

 Adler became advocate for economic democracy  Education should be same for everyone  No desire to impress academia  Perrenialist / Focus on curriculum of ultimate importance  Focus on Great Works Programs  Course of required classes in Western philosophy and literature  Utilized by Columbia University  102 Great Ideas  Dropped out of school at age 14, but later attended night school  Attended Columbia University but did not graduate (shy one credit for PE)  Eventually received Ph.D. in Philosophy from Columbia University

 Paideia Program designed to make students & teachers think  Lecture  Coaching Session  Seminar-Discussion  Paideia Principles designed to prepare children for life  All children can learn  All deserve the same quality of schooling  Influence on life-long learning “No one can be fully educated in school, no matter how long the schooling or how good it is.” Mortimer Adler

Contributions  How did they impact us? › Bagley, father of Essentialism › Rogers, father of Student-centered Learning › Adler, father of Great Works program