Explaining Differential Frequency Effects in Recall and Recognition: The Generation Gap & Marty Niewiadomski Steve Joordens University of Toronto at Scarborough Bill Hockley Wilfrid Laurier University BBCS

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BBCS Frequency effects on recall Typical results show a memory advantage for high frequency words

BBCS Frequency effects on recognition Typical results show a memory advantage for low frequency words (e.g. Glanzer & Adams, 1985)

BBCS PE LEPEO LEPEOPLE 1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW NE LANEB LANEBULA 1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW SC VYSCU VYSCURVY 1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW RE ONREA ONREASON 1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW

BBCS Experiment 1 –Generation data

BBCS Experiment 1 –Generation data

BBCS Experiment 1 –Recognition data (overall)

BBCS Experiment 1 –Recognition data (generated items)

BBCS Experiment 1 –Recognition data (non-generated items)

BBCS REASONSTRATAOFFICESCURVY

BBCS Experiment 2 –Generation data

BBCS Experiment 2 –Recognition data (overall)

BBCS Experiment 2 –Recognition data (generated items)

BBCS Experiment 2 –Recognition data (non-generated items)

BBCS PEO LEPEOPLE 1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW NEB LANEBULA 1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW SCU VYSCURVY 1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW REA ONREASON 1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW

BBCS Experiment 3 –Generation data

BBCS Experiment 3 –Recognition data (overall)

BBCS Experiment 3 –Recognition data (generated items)

BBCS Experiment 3 –Recognition data (non-generated items)

BBCS to conclude... Generation appears to be a significant component of the frequency paradox in terms of the task... –Generation of “new” items –Two tasks within one trial

BBCS THANK YOU