Thermal/Radiation Protection Upper Stage Satellite

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Presentation transcript:

Thermal/Radiation Protection Upper Stage Satellite Responsible Engineer: Jason LaDoucer

Purpose Protect payload (computer chip, vaccine) Protect satellite instrumentation (computer system, sensors, fuel) Protect structure of the satellite

Radiation Environment Same orbit as ISS (340km). LEO(<1000km) Radiation not a design driver since in LEO and within the inner Van Allen belt(>1000km) Only radiation concern is UV

Thermal Environment Majority of orbital period (90 minutes) spent on sunlight side (395K) Dark light side reaches 173K

Passive Thermal Control Pros No controls required and no input energy from the satellite Based on geometry, insulation, coatings, fins, heat pipes Cost effective, reliable, simple Adequate for the duration (30 days) of the mission

Aluminized Mylar-Several Applications Provides radiation, thermal, and impact protection Aluminized, reflecting heat away (ε≈0.03) Light weight (1.39 g/cc) High strength (Typical E= 70 GPa) Common material resulting in lower costs

Internal Thermal Control Heat pipes Tubular device with wick going from one end to another Partially filled with ammonia Heat is removed by ammonia evaporating at hot end causing vapor to condense at the cold end Condensed fluid in the cold end then drawn back to the hot end by capillary action

Passive Thermal Control Cons Only mode of heat transfer is radiation since no equipment to produce convection (fans) Control of heat pipes requires a loaded gas reservoir or valve If the ammonia in heat pipes too hot, the wick may become dry, making capillary action ineffective Likewise, if the ammonia is too cold, the fluid will freeze Heat pipes work differently in 0 g’s in the absence of free convection

Conclusion For the mission requirements, Passive Thermal Control adequate for the payload For the environment, Aluminized Mylar is a reliable material to protect against UV radiation, reflecting sunlight, and protection against micrometeoroids/space debris Heat pipes will be adequate to equalize temperature in the interior of the satellite Passive Thermal Control is reliable, simple, and cost effective saving time and money

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