Bremsstrahlung Example of conservation of energy Radiative energy loss by fast electron when slowed near nucleus Results in spectrum of energies from many.

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Presentation transcript:

Bremsstrahlung Example of conservation of energy Radiative energy loss by fast electron when slowed near nucleus Results in spectrum of energies from many interactions

Diagnostic x-ray production Electrons accelerated by E field Energies < 120kV Can still generate therapy beams this way, but lack penetration Need MV, not kV! 0V + 120kV

MV x-ray production Carefully tuned microwave source ~ 3 GHz = 10cm wavelength Intense electric field Phase problem!

Microwave resonance cont. Sideline every second cavity Solves phase problem

Operation Inject bunches of electrons into cavity Time to coincide with pulses of microwaves Makes compact system

Waveguide for 4MV

Waveguide cont

Target and flattening filter Electrons bent through 270 degrees Collide with tungsten target Beam shaped for flatness

Linac

Vital statistics Output:6Gy/min at 1m. Lethal dose in ~ 10 min. Weight:~ 8 tonnes Cost: $2.5m to $4m Lifespan:~10y Facility:1.2m to 2.4m concrete as shielding for staff Support:Maintenance contract >$100k per year.

The radiation beam 6MV 18MV

X-ray dose Vs Depth

Combining beams -- a pair

Combining beams – three beams

A patient plan