Chapter 6 Launching the New Nation Section 1 Washington Heads the New Government Section 2 Foreign Affairs Troubles the Nation Section 3 Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course Section 4 The of 1812 Erupts

Section 1 Washington Heads the New Government "We are in a wilderness without a single footstep to guide us.” James Madison

Judiciary Act of 1789 It created a judiciary system that was not planned out in the words of the Constitution. It organized the Supreme Court with Chief Justice and five associate justices. Established three federal circuit courts and thirteen district courts. Established the right of appeal to the federal court system by State courts when Constitutional questions were raised.

Washington Shapes the Executive Branch Washington sets a precedent by establishing a cabinet. –Congress helped by creating three departments for Washington, the Department of State, Department of War, and the Department of Treasury. Congress also established the Office of the Attorney General. Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton Secretary of State was to deal with foreign affairs, Thomas Jefferson Department of War, Henry Knox Attorney General, Edmund Randolph

Hamilton and Jefferson Conflict Having both of these men in the cabinet gave Washington two brilliant thinkers, but also created havoc. Conflicts –Strong Central Government by elite group (Hamilton) vs. smaller more “popular” non- elite group in government (Jefferson) –Urban power (Northerners) vs. rural power (Southern and Westerners)

Hamilton’s Economic Plan Payment of debts (State debts) –Paid by the National Government –Southerners opposed because they had most of their debts paid National Bank –Loose constructionists vs. strict constructionists Compromise on the Bank –Move the capitol city out of New York closer to South

Washington D.C. L’Enfant drew plans for Washington D.C. –Fired by Washington for being obstinate Andrew Ellicott redrew the plans Benjamin Bannerker (African American) assisted Ellicott in the survey of the land By 1800 the capitol had moved to its current location

Development of Two Political Parties Formation of Parties Caused by: –Power and size of government in relation to state and local governments Hamilton-strong central government Jefferson-strong state government Washington feared formation of parties, warned against them in is Farewell Address

Party Ideologies Form Loose Constructionist (Hamilton) –Liberal interpretation of the Constitution –Allowed the government to expand based upon Art I, Section 8, Clause 18--”necessary and proper” –Strong Central Government

Party Ideologies Form, continued Strict Constructionist (Jefferson) –If the Constitution doesn’t say it, then the government cannot do it. –Republican position--forerunner to the current Democratic Party. –Limited Central Government

Whiskey Rebellion Demonstrated the power of the new government in handling domestic affairs.