HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law Section 1:Crime in the United States Crime in the United StatesCrime in the United States Section 2:The Criminal Justice System The Criminal Justice SystemThe Criminal Justice System Section 3:Juvenile Crime Juvenile CrimeJuvenile Crime

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 The Main Idea When a person breaks a law, it is called a crime. There are several types of crimes and a variety of reasons why people commit crimes. Reading Focus   What are five different types of crime?   What are four possible causes of crime?  ?  How do we fight crime in the United States? Section 1:Crime in the United States

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 Crimes against persons: Violent crimes—homicide, hate crimes, aggravated assault, or forcible rape Section 1:Crime in the United States

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 Crime against property:  The majority of crimes  Involves stealing or destroying property— petty larceny, grand larceny, vandalism, or arson  Robbery involves property and persons. Section 1:Crime in the United States

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5 Different types of crime:  Homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, larceny, vandalism, arson, robbery  Hate crimes—violent crimes committed because of prejudice  Victimless—gambling and sale, possession, and use of illegal drugs  White collar—committed by people in their work; stealing, embezzlement, and fraud  Organized—a crime syndicate of career criminals; provides illegal goods and services; uses violence as a tool Section 1:Crime in the United States

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 Causes of crime:  Poverty  Illegal drug use  Permissive society  Urbanization Section 1:Crime in the United States

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 Fighting crime:  1994—National crime bill includes tougher sentences and grants for police officers and new jails.  Crime prevention education is taught in some schools. Section 1:Crime in the United States

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 Question: What are the different types of crime? SECTION 1 Types of Crime organized crimes victimless crimes white-collar crimes

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9 The Main Idea Police officers arrest people believed to be breaking the law. An accused person must be tried and, if found guilty, punished. Reading Focus   What is the role of police officers in the criminal justice system?   What is the function of the courts after a suspect has been arrested?   How does our corrections system punish lawbreakers? Section 2:The Criminal Justice System

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 Police Officers  Protect life and property, prevent crime, and arrest violators  Protect individual rights, maintain peace, and control traffic  Act as peacemakers, advisers, protectors, and community members Section 2:The Criminal Justice System

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 Police Officers (continued)  Education, background check, aptitude tests, physical and psychological exams are required.  Academies teach law, community relations, gathering evidence, arrest procedures, records keeping, first aid, weapon use, and other physical skills. Section 2:The Criminal Justice System

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 After a suspect is arrested:  Suspect is entitled to due process before questioning.  Preliminary hearing—evidence evaluated and charges dropped or trial is set; bail set  Indictment—a formal charge is made  Arraignment—suspect makes a plea before a judge  Trial—defendant is presumed innocent; a judge presides and a jury deliberates the case presented by the prosecution and the defense  Sentencing—judge decides the punishment; some states have mandatory sentences for certain crimes Section 2:The Criminal Justice System

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13 Punishing lawbreakers:  Fines  Imprisonment (People hold different views of its purpose: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or social protection.)  Parole (Early release based on good behavior; overcrowding has forced paroles.)  Capital punishment (Opponents believe it violates the Eighth Amendment; it remains controversial.) Section 2:The Criminal Justice System

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14 Question: What happens after a suspect is arrested? SECTION 2 Indictment Trial Arraignment Suspect is booked Preliminary hearing arrested Suspect is arrested Sentenced

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 Section 3:Juvenile Crime The Main Idea Most states prefer to handle juvenile, or young, criminals differently than adult criminals, but for some crimes this practice is changing. Reading Focus   What is juvenile crime?   What are some possible causes of juvenile crime?   How does the judicial system handle juveniles who break the law?   What are some ways to avoid trouble with the law?

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 Possible causes of juvenile crime:  Poor home conditions  Poor neighborhood conditions  Gang membership  Dropping out of school and unemployment  Alcohol and drugs  Peer pressure Section 3:Juvenile Crime

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17 The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles:  Prior to late 1800s—Juveniles at least seven years old were tried in adult courts and sentenced to prison or death.  1870s—Reformers argued juveniles required special understanding.  Juvenile court system was set up to re-educate offenders. Section 3:Juvenile Crime

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18 The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: (continued)  Hearings determine guilt or innocence of juvenile offenders.  1967—Supreme Court granted juveniles the right of due process.  Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial. Section 3:Juvenile Crime

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19 Juveniles charged and found guilty  may be placed in a foster home.  may be sent to a corrections facility like a training school.  may be given probation.  may be sent to a boot camp. Section 3:Juvenile Crime Juveniles charged with felonies are often tried in adult courts and punished accordingly.

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20 Question: What happens when juveniles are charged and found guilty of breaking the law? Juvenile Punishment Options juvenile correctional facility probation boot camp placement in a training school SECTION 3

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21 Chapter 16 Wrap-Up 1.Identify and describe specific examples of five categories of crime. 2.What are some causes of crime? 3.What steps does a criminal suspect go through from the time of arrest to the time of sentencing? 4.What are the punishments that a convicted criminal faces? 5.What are the possible causes of juvenile delinquency? 6.What may a judge do if he or she finds a juvenile guilty of a crime? 1.Identify and describe specific examples of five categories of crime. 2.What are some causes of crime? 3.What steps does a criminal suspect go through from the time of arrest to the time of sentencing? 4.What are the punishments that a convicted criminal faces? 5.What are the possible causes of juvenile delinquency? 6.What may a judge do if he or she finds a juvenile guilty of a crime?