Organization Development and Change Session 1 Introduction to Organization Development 1-1Developed by: M. Salman Azhar

1-2 Burke’s Definition of OD OD is a planned process of change in an organization’s culture through the utilization of behavioral science technology, research, and theory. Developed by: M. Salman Azhar

1-3 French’s Definition of OD OD refers to a long-range effort to improve an organization’s problem- solving capabilities and its ability to cope with changes in its external environment with the help of external or internal behavioral-scientist consultants. Developed by: M. Salman Azhar

1-4 Beckhard’s Definition of OD OD is an effort (1) planned, (2) organization-wide, and (3) managed from the top, to (4) increase organization effectiveness and health through (5) planned interventions in the organization’s “processes,” using behavioral science knowledge. Developed by: M. Salman Azhar

1-5 Beer’s Definition of OD OD is a system-wide process of data collection, diagnosis, action planning, intervention, and evaluation aimed at: (1) enhancing congruence between organizational structure, process, strategy, people, and culture; (2) developing new and creative organizational solutions; and (3) developing the organization’s self- renewing capacity. It occurs through collaboration of organizational members working with a change agent using behavioral science theory, research, and technology. Developed by: M. Salman Azhar

1-6 Organization Development is... a systemwide application and transfer of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development, improvement, and reinforcement of the strategies, structures, and processes that lead to organization effectiveness. Developed by: M. Salman Azhar

Today Five Stems of OD Practice Current Practice Laboratory Training Action Research/Survey Feedback Normative Approaches Quality of Work Life Strategic Change Developed by: M. Salman Azhar

Laboratory Training Pioneered Laboratory Training or the T- Group (small, unstructured group) Learn the interaction and evolving dynamics about issues like: 1.Interpersonal Relations 2.Personal Growth 3.Leadership 4.Group Dynamics 1-8Developed by: M. Salman Azhar

Action Research/Survey Feedback John Collier, Kurt Lewin and Williams discovered that research need to be closely linked to action. If organization members were to use it to manage change. Development of Participative management means involvement of employees in decision making. By receiving feed back more satisfaction occurred. 1-9Developed by: M. Salman Azhar

Normative Approaches of Participative Management Exploitive Authoritative Benevolent Authoritative Consultative System Participative Group Developed by: M. Salman Azhar1-10

Productivity & Quality of Work Life 1 st phase: Quality Work Life (QWL) generally involved in joint participation of unions and managements in the design of work. 2 nd phase: reward system, job enrichment, shifted individual work to team work and the larger work context. Developed by: M. Salman Azhar1-11

Strategic Change Organizations and their technological, political and social environment are changing. Involves in improving the alignment among organizations environment, strategy and organizational design. Developed by: M. Salman Azhar1-12